Theoretical Framework of SLA

Framework
of
Second Language
Acquisition
(SLA)
A strong
foundation and
a good bridge!
-Susan Malone, SIL
ACQUISITION
occurs subconsciously. While it is happening

we are not aware that it is happening.
sometimes referred to picking up a language
LANGUAGE LEARNING
is a conscious process. When we are
learning, we know we are trying to learn.
FRAMEWORK
the basic structure of something
a set of ideas or facts that provide
support for something
Theoretical Framework of SLA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Grammar Translation method

Audio-lingual method
Direct method
Natural Order Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis
Comprehension Hypothesis
Grammar Translation Method

(GMT)
is a classical method that was first used in teaching

Latin and Greek
It generally means using translation to facilitate
learning in ESL classes
Focuses on translating from one language to another
Helps students improve their abilities to read
literature texts and develop reading and writing
skills
TEACHER
is traditional instructor and has the authority in the
classroom
explains, translates, conduct practices and correct
mistakes
LEARNERS
a passive learner and does the teacher say
interact with the teacher, not with the other learners
Translates, study words, rules, and memorize
ADVANTAGES
Translation is the easiest way of explaining meanings or
words or phrases from one language to another.
Learners become more familiar with both languages by
using translation
DISADVANTAGES/CRITICS
lays emphasis on reading and writing while it neglects
listening and speaking
exact translation from one language to another is not
always possible
Audio-Lingual Method
Aims to develop communicative competence of
students through dialogues
Dialogues and pattern drills students need to repeat
are used to form habits in learners that will allow
them to develop quick and automatic responses.
Drills are useful in foreign language teaching in that
they give students the opportunity to perform what
they have learned.
TEACHERs ROLE
center of the attention
model of the target language
monitor the performance
LEARNERS ROLE
they do not initiate interaction
They are directed by the teacher
ADVANTAGE
Accessible for large size of classes
Intensive practice: It is only by speaking that
speaking is learned.
DISADVANTAGES
It will bore the class
Learners do not have the control with the
content
Direct Method
Became popular when the GMT was not effective
Goal is to learn how to use a foreign language to
communicate
Has one basic rule: NO TRANSLATION IS
ALLOWED
It is called direct because the meaning should be
connected directly with the target language without
translation into the native language
Direct Method
TEACHERs ROLE
Teach
vocabulary
and
concepts
through
pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual
materials
Teachers do not give rules, they make students
figure out the rules
LEARNERS ROLE
Learn how to think in the target language
They will not memorize
We acquire the parts of a language in a

predictable order. Some grammatical
items are acquired early while others
are not.
Simple before complicated
John is playing the violin.
However, research come up with surprising

facts:
1. It is not true that simple rules are acquired
early and complicated rules are acquired
later.
2. Natural order cannot be changed.
Monitor Hypothesis
The ability to produce language fluently

and easily comes from what we have
acquired. The grammar rules we have
learned have only one function: THEY
ACT AS MONITOR or EDITOR
Monitor Hypothesis
It is extremely very difficult to use the

Monitor. In order to use the monitor
successfully, three conditions must met.
1. The monitor user must know the rule
2. The learner must be thinking about
correctness, or focused on the form
3. The learner must have time
Comprehension Hypothesis
Centerpiece of language acquisition theory.

We acquire the language when we
understand messages.
It attempts to answer the question, HOW
DO WE ACQUIRE LANGUAGE?
We acquire the language by input not by
output
References
1. Theories and Research of Second Language
Acquisition by Summer Institute of Linguistics
2. Second Language Acquisition by Stephen Krashen
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBF1Xs3EwtI
4. https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mL6ypT7NOOo

Theoretical Framework of SLA

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What are the different methods discussed for language acquisition?

What are the roles of the teacher and learner in the Grammar Translation Method?

Framework

occurs subconsciously. While it is happening

Theoretical Framework of SLA

Grammar Translation method

Grammar Translation Method

is a classical method that was first used in teaching

Grammar Translation Method

Grammar Translation Method

Natural Order Hypothesis

We acquire the parts of a language in a

Natural Order Hypothesis

However, research come up with surprising

The ability to produce language fluently

It is extremely very difficult to use the

Centerpiece of language acquisition theory.

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