Google project loon

GOOGLE PROJECT LOON

Two out of every three people on earth do not

have internet access

Project loon preview

Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by
Google
Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space ,
designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.

history

working

equipment

reception

technology

Adv/disadvantages

SPACE DATA INC.

1.HISTORY

In 2001, Space Data Inc. , suggested an idea to widen the cellular

coverage for the rural areas in the united States. The idea was to
have wireless transceivers carried aloft on weather balloons, launched
by the National Weather Service(NSW).
For the past 60 years, the NSW is launching 70 balloons twice a day
across the country to collect the weather information . The weather
balloons are in fact floating above specific areas for about 24 hours
at about 30 km .
The balloon can be a mini and cheaper cell tower in the sky .

SPACE DATA INC.

1.HISTORY

It also started to launch its own cheap biodegradable latex weather

balloons and provide private networks to truckers and oil companies.
One balloon with a weight of 1.5 kg, a size of 7.6 m (25ft) when fully
inflated, can cover a 670 km diameter coverage circle below.
It currently covers only Texas, New Mexico and Louisiana .

1.HISTORY
GOOGLE PROJECT LOON:

In 2008, Google had considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data

Inc. , but didnt do so.
Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in
GoogleX.
The project was officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013

THE PILOT TEST :

1.HISTORY

Two days after its announcement (on 16 June 2013),Google began a pilot
experiment in new Zealand.

A small group of project loon pioneers tested the technology in Christchurch

and Canterbury.

30 balloons were launched 20 km in sky.

About 50 local users tested the connections to the aerial wireless network at
up to 3G speed using special antennas.

2.EQUIPMENT

2.1 ENVELOPE

2.2 SOLAR PANEL

2.3 PAYLOAD

2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
loons balloons envelopes are made from sheets of thin strong polyester
film about 0.076mm thick and stand 15 meters wide and 12 meters tall

2.EQUIPMENT

.
ENVELOPE:
The loon balloon must resist high pressure than a normal weather balloon..
. Thats why Such super pressure balloons require polyester sheets since it

strongly keeps from

2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
Inside envelope, there is another chamber, called bladder.
The balloon can move up or down a 1.7 km range through the bladder
system. This system can help to choose suitable wind currents in

2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
To have the balloon descended, a fan powered by the solar energy fills
the bladder with air to make it heavier. Likewise, the fan vents air in the

2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
When being out of the service, it releases gas from the envelope and
descends slowly to the ground. It rarely happens, but when the balloon
drops quickly , it uses the parachute on the top of the envelope.

2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
Each units electronics are powered by an array of solar panels that sits
between the envelope and the payload.

2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
Solar panels are about the size of a card table and generate enough
electricity in four hours to power the transmitter for a day and beam down

2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
In full sun, these panels produce 100 watts of power ;enough to keep the
unit running while also charging a battery for use at night.

2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
By moving with the wind and charging in the sun , a loon balloon is able
to power itself using only renewable energy sources.

2.EQUIPMENT

PAYLOAD:
The payload is a small box that holds electronic devices, such as circuit
boards, radio antennas, batteries, GPS, flight sensors, and devices to

2.EQUIPMENT

PAYLOAD:
The circuit board : controls the overall balloon system.
Radio antennas : communicate with other balloons and with internet
antennas on ground.

3.TECHNOLOGY
a) Solar and battery
technology
b) Algorithmic
control
c) Wireless Mesh
networking
d) ISM

3.TECHNOLOGY
a) SOLAR AND BATTERY TECHNOLOGY:
)Loon use 600 watt battery, charged by solar panels. These large ,extra
light photovoltaic
Cells keeps the weight of the balloon less so that they can run for long
missions without landing.

3.TECHNOLOGY
b) ALGORITHMIC CONTROL:
GoogleX has developed Software that moves the balloon up or down to
catch wind current based on their direction to more or less keep the
balloon in one area.

3.TECHNOLOGY
c) WIRELESS
MESH NETWORKING:
Developing countries cant afford to lay expensive fibre cable that have
to be installed underground to allow user to connect to internet.
Mesh networking sends internet packets from balloon to balloon and
sends data to and from homes below that have specially built antenna on
their roof.

3.TECHNOLOGY
d) ISM BAND:
Are radio band(6.78 Mhz-245 Ghz) reserved internationally for
industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than
telecommunication.
ISM bands share the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for non ISM use because
they are typically unlicensed radio frequencies around the world.
Google currently using these bands.

4.WORKING
1. Where loon situated
2. How loon moves
3. How loon connects

4.WORKING
Where loon
situated
: float in the stratosphere at
Loon balloon
20km altitude.
Stratosphere is the second layer of
atmosphere(altitude range 10-50 km)
between troposphere and mesosphere.

4.WORKING
Where loon
Advantage
of stratosphere:
situated
:

1. the winds here moves steadily and slowly between 5 and 20 mph.
2. commercial airliners fly between 9 and 12 km altitude, thus it avoid
airplane traffics.
3. most weather phenomena occurs in the troposphere. thus they avoid any
adverse weather.
4.This sphere is great for solar panel, because there is no cloud to block to
sun.

4.WORKING
How loon moves:
Each layer of wind in stratosphere varies in direction.
Software algorithms are used to determine where the balloon need to go,
then moves it into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction.
By moving with the wind ,the balloons can be arranged to form one large
communication network.

4.WORKING
How loon connects
a user with the specialized antenna sends
signals via a radio frequency over ISM bands
to a balloon close to him.
The balloon sends the signals to neighbouring
balloons.
Then the signals reach the balloon which is
connected to the local Internet .

4.WORKING

How loon connects

The local ISP receives the data and forwards

them via balloons in the sky to the destination.
Finally , the balloon close to the receiver
broadcasts the data to the grounds via a radio
frequency over ISM bands.
It provide ground connectivity to an area about
40 km diameter circle at 3G speed.
The special antenna installed outside home
receives data.

5.reception

INDIA :
India has expressed its
interested in Google Inc.s
balloon project
India has the third highest
number of Internet users in the
world after China and the US at
150 million, but penetration
accounts for just 12.58% of the
countrys population of 1.2
billion.
connectivity is one of the key

FORBES :
Although the project has potential
technical merits, it cannot be
realized soon . The biggest
challenge is not the technical issues,
but to find a route of countries
unwilling to permit the balloon
flights.
Not every country will be glad that
communications balloons operated
by an American company fly above
countries.

BILL GATES :
Bill gates criticized Google loon
and says that:
Its not going to uplift the poor
and its not an area thathell
beputting money into.
When youre dying of malaria, I
suppose youll look up and see
that balloon, and Im not sure
how itll help you. When a kid
gets diarrhoea, no, theres no
website that relieves that,

NEW ZEALAND :
New Zealand's Prime Minister John
Key delivered a speech at the
launch event in Christchurch stating
that the Internet is important for
New Zealand to help it globally
distribute what it produces in a low
cost way as the next 4 billion
people come online.
Key also acknowledged the
potential of utilizing Loon for
disaster recovery.

CNES():
France space agency,CNES,
announced its partnership
with Google to develop
project loon.
CNES has been researching
stratosphere and balloon
technology for decades.

MARK ZUKERBERG :
Its regular carrier that will
do most of the work
reaching billions of people
who lacks internet access
not sci-fi ideas like loon
The regular carriers are
doing a good job but where
it isnt efficient enough to
cost effectively serve people
theres a role for sci-fi ideas
He also said that

6.Advantages/disadvantages

1.Cheaper internet
2.3G speed
3.GPS expansion
4.exploration
5.Disaster management
6.Remote communication
7.Launching balloon does not
require higher technical skills
8.Intelligence gathering
9.Satellite recreation
10.Scientific data collection
11.Wheather surveillance

1.Crash incidents
2.Stratosphere
regulatory hurdle
3.Political hurdle
4.Negotiate with
countries to buy
radio frequencies
5.Cost of operation
is not revealed by
google

References :
http://www.google.com/loon/
http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/projectloon
http://www.youtube.com/googleloon
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnvillasen
or/2013/06/16/can-google-fly-itsinternet-balloons-wherever-it-wants/
http://readwrite.com/2013/06/19/ahandy-guide-to-google-projectloon#awesm=~onut8LsNNgRW2R
http://www.spacedata.net/