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    Cloud Computing

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    Vipul Ranjan
    basics of cloud computing

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    Cloud Computing

    Uploaded by

    Vipul Ranjan
    80 views31 pages
    basics of cloud computing

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    basics of cloud computing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    80 views31 pages

    Cloud Computing

    Uploaded by

    Vipul Ranjan
    basics of cloud computing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    An Introduction to

    Cloud Computing
    By
    Ramandeep Singh

    Agenda

    Example
    Define
    Cloud Computing
    Uses
    SaaS
    Utility Computing

    What is new in cloud computing?


    Components
    Challenges & opportunities
    Future of Cloud Computing

    Example

    Cont.

    Conti.

    Cont.

    Conti.

    Two Solutions

    Buy more servers and recourses.

    Move to Cloud

    Definition

    I dont understand what we would do differently in the light of Cloud


    Computing other than change the wordings of some of our ads.
    Larry Ellision, Oracles CEO

    I have not heard two people say the same thing about it [cloud]. There
    are multiple definitions out there of the cloud.
    Andy Isherwood, HPs Vice President of European Software Sales

    Its stupidity. Its worse than stupidity: its a marketing hype campaign.
    Richard Stallman, Free Software Foundation founder

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PNuQHUiV3Q&feature=related

    Cloud Computing

    Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over


    the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that
    provide those services.

    The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a


    Service (SaaS).

    The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud.

    USES

    Helps to use applications without installations.

    Access the personal files and data from any computer with internet
    access.

    This technology allows much more efficient computation by centralizing


    storage, memory and processing .

    5 Essential Cloud Characteristics

    On-demand self-service

    Broad network access

    Resource pooling
    Location independence

    Rapid elasticity

    Measured service
    Pay as you go.

    Cloud Structure

    SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)

    Application is used as an on demand service. Often provided via the


    Internet

    Example: Google App (online office)

    Benefits to users
    Reduce expenses: multiple computers, multiple users
    Ease of usage: easy installation, access everywhere

    Benefits to providers
    Easier to maintain
    Control usage (no illegal copies)

    UTILITY COMPUTING - BENEFIT


    TO USERS

    Mitigate the risks of over-provisioning and under-provisioning

    No up-front cost, invest on other aspects (marketing, technology)

    Less maintenance & operational cost

    Save time, time = money

    In summary: Reduce cost

    UTILITY COMPUTING MITIGATE


    RISKS

    Real world utilization 5%-20%

    Animoto demand surge:


    from 50 servers to 3500
    servers in 3 days

    Black Friday sales

    Capacity

    Demand
    t

    Capacity

    Capacity
    Demand

    Demand
    t

    3 t

    UTILITY COMPUTING BENEFIT


    TO PROVIDERS

    Make money
    Economies of scale

    Resource

    Cost for medium scale

    Cost for large scale

    Ratio

    Network

    $95 / Mbps / month

    $13 / Mbps / month

    ~7x

    Storage

    $2.20 / GB / month

    $0.40 / GB / month

    ~6x

    Administration

    140 servers/admin

    >1000 servers/admin

    ~7x

    AMAZON EC2

    Elastic Compute Cloud

    Rent virtual machine instances to run your software. Monitor and


    increase / decrease the number of VMs as demand changes

    How to use:
    Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI): applications, libraries,
    data and associated settings
    Upload AMI to Amazon S3 (simple storage service)
    Use Amazon EC2 web service to configure security and network
    access
    Choose OS, start AMI instances
    Monitor & control via web interface or APIs

    AMAZON EC2

    Characteristics:
    Elastic: increase or decrease capacity within minutes
    Monitor and control via EC2 APIs
    Completely controlled: root access to each instances
    Flexible: choose your OS, software packages
    Redhat, Ubuntu, openSuse, Windows Sever 2003,
    Small, large, extra large instances
    Reliable: Amazon datacenters, high availability and redundancies
    Secure: web interface to configure firewall settings
    Cost:
    CPU: small instance, $0.10 per hour for Linux, $0.125 per hour for
    Windows (1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor)
    Bandwidth: in $0.10, out $0.17 per GB
    Storage: $0.10 per GB-month, $0.10 per 1 million I/O requests

    WHAT IS A CLOUD?

    Software and hardware to operate datacenters

    Public cloud: cloud used to provide utility computing


    Amazon EC2: Amazon datacenters, Xen, EC2 APIs and
    administrative interface
    Google AppEngine: Google data center, GFS, AppEngine APIs,
    administrative interface
    Batch processing softwares: MapReduce, Hadoop, Pig, Dryad

    Private cloud: datacenters, not available for rental

    How about the academic clouds?


    Protected clouds

    WHAT IS NEW IN CLOUD


    COMPUTING

    The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand,


    thereby eliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far
    ahead for provisioning.
    The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby
    allowing companies to start small and increase hardware resources
    only when there is an increase in their needs.

    The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis


    as needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day) and
    release them as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting
    machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.

    Cloud Components

    Cloud Components
    Application
    A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the need to
    install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of
    software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.
    Web application (Facebook)
    Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP & Salesforce)
    Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)
    Client
    A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on The Cloud for
    application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either
    case, is essentially useless without it.
    Mobile (Android, iPhone )
    Thick client / Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)

    Cloud Components
    Infrastructure
    Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer
    infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.
    For example:
    Full virtualization (GoGrid, Skytap)
    Grid computing (Sun Grid)
    Compute (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)
    Platform
    A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform, and/or
    solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and
    complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
    For example:
    Web application frameworks
    Ajax (Caspio)
    Python Django (Google App Engine)
    Ruby on Rails (Heroku)
    Web hosting (Mosso, Clustered Cloud)

    Cloud Components
    Service
    A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time
    over the Internet.
    For example:
    Identity (OAuth, OpenID)
    Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)
    Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)
    Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)

    Storage
    Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like
    services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month.
    For example:
    Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable )
    Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix )

    CHALLENGES
    Challenge

    Opportunity

    Availability

    Multiple providers

    Data lock-in

    Standardization

    Data Confidentiality

    Encryption, VLANs, Firewalls

    Online storage service The Linkup closed August 8, 2008


    - 20,000 paying subscribers lost their data
    Coghead, a cloud vendor closed its business in Feb 19,2009
    - Customers need to rewrite their applications

    CHALLENGES
    Challenge

    Opportunity

    Data transfer bottlenecks

    FedEx-ing disks, reuse data multiple times

    Performance unpredictability

    Improved VM support, flash memory

    Scalable storage

    Invent scalable storage

    Bugs in large distributed systems

    Invent Debugger using Distributed VMs

    Scaling quickly

    Invent Auto-Scaler

    GROWTH CHALLENGES

    Data transfer bottle neck


    WAN cost reduces slowest:
    2003 2008: WAN 2.7x, CPU 16x, storage 10x
    Fastest way to transfer large data: send the disks

    Performance unpredictability
    Large variation in I/O operations
    Inefficiency in I/O virtualization

    Future of Cloud Computing

    In a May 2008 report, Merrill Lynch estimated that 12% of the worldwide
    software market would go to the cloud in that period.
    IBM said it would spend $360 million to build a cloud computing data
    center in Research Triangle Park, N.C., bringing to nine its total of cloud
    computing centers worldwide.

    Dell CEO Michael Dell says. "Now it's a several-hundred-million-dollar


    business, and it will be a billion-dollar business in a couple of years
    it's on a tear."

    Microsoft, has made cloud computing one of five priorities for fiscal
    2009, according to a recent memo from CEO Steve Ballmer.

    Look to the cloud!


    Pay for the bandwidth
    and server resources
    that you need. When
    your work is done
    then turn the whole
    thing off!

    References
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
    Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing
    http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-200928.pdf
    How Cloud Computing Is Changing the World
    http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc20
    08082_445669.htm
    The Future of Cloud Computing
    http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/digital/Programs/MBAFellowsPro
    gramArchive/08_rana.pdf

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