Biodiversity Hotspots in India: Made by Himanshu Soni 15/IFT/014

Biodiversity
hotspots
In India
Made by
Himanshu soni
15/IFT/014
What does biodiversity mean?
Lets go from the beginning..
BIODIVERSITY :
Flora and Fauna
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the existence of a
wide range of living organism at a specific
place at a given time in a relationship .
Flora and fauna of a certain region together

form the biodiversity of an area.
If said in one line "Biodiversity is the
coincidence of interdependence of life
processes in nature to sustain life on earth.
Types of Bio-diversity
Genetic diversity - Diversity of genes within a
species. i.e. genetic variability among the
populations and the individuals of the same
species.
Species diversity- Diversity among species in
an ecosystem. Biodiversity hotspots are
excellent examples of species diversity.
Ecosystem diversity- Diversity at a higher
level of organization, the ecosystem. To do
with the variety of ecosystems on Earth.
How is Biodiversity important

to humans ?
Humans benefit greatly from Biodiversity.

In fact , Humans are also a big part of
Biodiversity.
We get our food, oxygen to breath, all raw
material for any industry, medicine,
energy
And a lot more
Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity has contributed in many
ways to the development of human
culture, and, in turn, human
communities have played a major role
in shaping the diversity of nature at
the genetic, species, and ecological
levels.
Important Role of Biodiversity
Ecological Role..
Economic Role..
Scientific Role..
Ecological Role of Biodiversity
All species provide at least one

function in an ecosystem. Each
function is an integral part of
regulating the species balance,
species diversity and species health:
all aspects which are intrinsic for the
ecosystem as a whole to survive and
prosper
Economic Role of Biodiversity .
Food: Crop Biodiversity or agro

biodiversity.
Goods: Various things like
timber,paper,medicines.
Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking
nature photography,birdwatching.
THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS

The world's most remarkable places are also the most threatened.
These are the Hotspots: the richest and most threatened reservoirs
of plant and animal life on Earth.
Biodiversity hotspots of ASIA
EAST MELANESIAN ISLANDS

EASTERN HIMALAYA
INDO-BURMA
JAPAN
MOUNTAINS OF SOUTH WEST CHINA
PHILIPPINES
WESTRN GHATS AND SRI LANKA
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
The British biologist Norman Myers coined the term
"biodiversity hotspot" in 1988 as a biogeographic

region characterized both by exceptional levels of plant
and animal endemism and by serious levels of habitat
loss.
India is one of the richest countries in the world in
terms of biodiversity.
Here we will talk about
Indian Biodiversity
Hotspots
Which are:
i. Western Ghats
ii.The Himalayas
Biodiversity in India
Biodiversity in India
India is rich in various kinds of
biodiversity ranging in various
habitats from tropical rainforests to
desert, tidal etc.
There are seven major regions for
plant and animal life in India.
Regions of wildlife in India

The Indus Plain,
The Gangetic
Plain,
The Himalayas,
The Assam
Valley,
The Malabar
Coast,
The Peninsular
plateau,
The Andaman
and Nicobar
BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA
Himalayas - This majestic range of
mountains is the home of a diverse range
of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is
one of the two biodiversity hotspots in
India.
Chilika - This wetland area is protected

under the Ramsar convention.
Sunder bans - The largest mangrove

forest in India.
Western Ghats - One of the two

biodiversity hotspots in India.
Thar desert - The climate and vegetation

in this area , is a contrast to the
Himalayan region.
Source: earthtrends.wri.org
Natural vegetation
TheAssamValleyfeatures evergreen
forests, bamboo, and areas of tall
grasses.
The Malabar Coast has several
varieties of evergreen and timber
trees.
IntheHimalayasmany varieties of
Coniferous trees ,oaks, orchids
magnolia etc. are found .
Peninsular plateau feature bamboo,
palm, deciduous trees etc.
Wild life
In India, many species of tiger,

panther, Asiatic lion, rhinoceros ,
black bear, wolf, jackal, dhole, wild
buffalo, wild hog, antelope, deer,
monkeys etc live throughout the
country.
Reptiles, include the cobra, krait,
saltwater snake, pythons, crocodiles,
gharials etc are also found.
Birds of India include the parrot,

peacock, kingfisher, heron etc.
Rivers and coastal waters of India
have fishes, including many edible
varieties.
map
INVERTEBRATES
ANEURETUS SIMONI
.
.
PARANEURETUS
CYPHOMIRMEX
FRESH WATER FISHES
AMPHIBIANS
PURPLE FROG
NASIKABATRACHUS SAHADRENSIS
REPTILES
AGAMIDAE
GEKKONIDAE
UROPELTIDAE
AVES
GREEN BILLED COUCAL
WHISTLING
THRUSH
LAUGHING THRUSH
SPOT B PELICAN
LESSER
ADJUTANT
KASHMIR FLY CATCHER
FROG MOTH
MAMMALS
LATIDENS SALIMALII
LONG CLAWED SHREW
OHIYA RAT
LION TAILED MACAQUE
NILGIRI
TAHR
MALABAR CIVET
Manipuri Larynx
ASIAN ELEPHANT
HIMALAYA
,
FRESH WATER FISHES
MAHASEER
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
AVES
HIMALAYAN QUILL
WESTERN TRAGOPAN
ORANGE
CHEST NUT BREASTED PARTRIDGE
BULLFINCH
RUST
TROATED
WRENBABBLER
WHITE WINGED DUCK
BENGAL FLORICAN
WHITE BELLIED HERON
MAMMALS
GOLDEN LANGUR
HIMALAYAN TAHR
PYGMY
HOG
NAMADAPHA FLYING SQUIRREL
SLOTH BEAR
ASIATIC WILD DOG
MUNTJAC AND SAMBAR
RESH WATER GANGETIC

DOLPHIN
WATER BUFFALO
SWAMP DEER
SNOW
LEOPARD
Loss of Biodiversity
IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER

T H R E AT ?
10% of Indias plant species are

under threat.
More than 150 medicinal plants have
disappeared in recent decades.
About 10% of flowering plants,20%
of mammals and 15% of the birds are
threatened.
Threats to Biodiversity
1.
Habitat destruction
2.
Globalclimate change
3.
Habitat fragmentation
4.
Pollution
5.
Disease
6.
Over-exploitation (This includes the illegal wildlife trade

as well as overfishing, logging of tropical hardwoods etc.)
Factors determining Degree of

Diversity
Habitat stress
Geographical isolation
Dominance by one species
Availability of ecological niches
Edge effect
Geological history
Some other causes of decline
Pollution of wetlands.
Over-exploitation of resources.
Construction of large dams.
Commercial hunting and poaching.
244/18664
88/390
72/458
25/521
03/231
09/5749
Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03
Conservation of biodiversity
o Priority-identification of regions under severe
threat of extinction which is why hotspots

originated.
o Protection of areas through establishment of
reserves, national parks, botanical gardens,

heritage sites, wildlife refuges and etc.
o Incentive measures are essential for
conservation
o Regulations and market based tools can also be

used.
o There is a need to Increase the new conservation
tools and conservation professionals to promote
action against biodiversity loss.
o Unique projects can be taken up. For eg. Working
for water
o Ecotourism might prove mutually beneficial.
Impact of loss of Biodiversity
There is an Increased vulnerability of species
extinction.
Ecological imbalance
Reduced sources of food, structural materials,
medicinal and genetic resources

Our society is paying its price.
THANK
YOU
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Biodiversity Hotspots in India: Made by Himanshu Soni 15/IFT/014

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Biodiversity

What does biodiversity mean?

Lets go from the beginning..

Flora and Fauna

Flora and fauna of a certain region together

How is Biodiversity important

Humans benefit greatly from Biodiversity.

And a lot more

Important Role of Biodiversity

Ecological Role of Biodiversity

All species provide at least one

Economic Role of Biodiversity .

Food: Crop Biodiversity or agro

THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS

Biodiversity hotspots of ASIA

EAST MELANESIAN ISLANDS

"biodiversity hotspot" in 1988 as a biogeographic

Here we will talk about

Regions of wildlife in India

Chilika - This wetland area is protected

Sunder bans - The largest mangrove

Western Ghats - One of the two

Thar desert - The climate and vegetation

In India, many species of tiger,

Birds of India include the parrot,

FRESH WATER FISHES

KASHMIR FLY CATCHER

LONG CLAWED SHREW

LION TAILED MACAQUE

FRESH WATER FISHES

CHEST NUT BREASTED PARTRIDGE

WHITE WINGED DUCK

WHITE BELLIED HERON

NAMADAPHA FLYING SQUIRREL

ASIATIC WILD DOG

MUNTJAC AND SAMBAR

RESH WATER GANGETIC

IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER

10% of Indias plant species are

Over-exploitation (This includes the illegal wildlife trade

Factors determining Degree of

Some other causes of decline

threat of extinction which is why hotspots

reserves, national parks, botanical gardens,

o Regulations and market based tools can also be

Impact of loss of Biodiversity

There is an Increased vulnerability of species

medicinal and genetic resources

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