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    Parts of Building1

    Uploaded by

    Asad ullah
    The document discusses the key parts of a building including the foundation, columns and beams, lintels, damp proof course, windows and doors, and roof. It provides details on the purpose and construction of each of these building elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Parts of Building1

    Uploaded by

    Asad ullah
    42 views15 pages
    The document discusses the key parts of a building including the foundation, columns and beams, lintels, damp proof course, windows and doors, and roof. It provides details on the purpose and construction of each of these building elements.

    Original Description:

    Building

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    The document discusses the key parts of a building including the foundation, columns and beams, lintels, damp proof course, windows and doors, and roof. It provides details on the purpose and construction of each of these building elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views15 pages

    Parts of Building1

    Uploaded by

    Asad ullah
    The document discusses the key parts of a building including the foundation, columns and beams, lintels, damp proof course, windows and doors, and roof. It provides details on the purpose and construction of each of these building elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Parts Of

    Building

    Foundation
    Column and Beams
    Lintel
    DPC
    Windows and doors
    Roof
    Floor

    Foundation :The portion of a structure


    under columns and walls
    which transfer load of the
    structure to the soil in a safe
    way without excessive
    settlement is called
    foundation.

    Importance of
    Foundation : The main function of foundation is
    to re-distribute the concentrated
    load of walls and columns over a
    larger area , reducing the load
    per unit area ( load intensity )
    until it becomes equal to the safe
    bearing capacity of the soil.
    If the proper foundation is not
    applied , the structure may
    subside due to compression of
    soil.

    Selection of foundation
    depends on the conditions we
    are facing. For example if soil
    is strong and load is not very
    much Shallow Foundation
    is suitable however if soil is
    soft and there is very huge
    concentrated load then Deep
    foundation should be selected.
    Mostly for single story building
    Step Foundation is applied ,
    details of which are given in
    figure.

    Columns And Beams :Beam is a structural member , used to


    provide support to upper part of
    building leaving clear space
    underneath and transfer the imposed
    loads to supports at its ends. Usually
    the load acts at right angle to the
    longitudinal axis of the member.
    Whereas Column is a structure
    member which provides a continuous
    support for upper part of the building
    and carries the load directly to the
    foundations. In column load usually
    acts along vertical axis.

    Beams and columns are usually made up


    of concrete , reinforced with steel bars.
    Concrete is very weak in tension if no
    reinforcement is provided beam will crack
    at bottom and will fall down. If we provide
    steel bars it becomes safe as steel is
    sufficiently strong in tension.
    Columns are used where heavy load is to
    be supported , like in multi story
    buildings. In single story buildings only
    walls serve the purpose.

    Lintel :Lintel is a small


    usually concealed
    beam provided over
    openings in walls
    like doors , windows
    and ventilators.

    Purpose Of Lintel :Whenever we give opening in the wall


    it weakens the structure , lintels are
    provided over the opening so that load
    can be effectively overcome. Strength
    of lintel should be carefully
    considered according to amount of
    load they are going to bear.

    Damp Proof Course


    ( D.P.C ) :Bricks have a porous
    structure and the pores are
    interconnected to form
    capillaries. As a result ,
    bricks suck dampness from
    the soil underneath and
    pump it to upper parts of the
    building , and thus damages
    the building. To prevent this
    a continuous water proof
    layer is provided above the

    Composition of DPC
    :DPC consist of 1 -in to 3
    -in thick layer of P.C.C ( 1:2:4 )
    over which two coats of hot
    bitumen are applied. Sometimes ,
    for load bearing walls , polythene
    sheet is also provided. The top of
    DPC is made in level with the
    ground floor of the building.

    Windows and
    Doors :Window is the opening in
    the walls to make the room
    airy and lighted. Whereas
    door is the opening in the
    walls to make room
    accessible.

    1)There should not be too many windows in


    the building as it will make the structure
    weak.
    2)Normally windows are 4 feet wide and their
    height from floor is 3 feet.
    3)Doors should not be too wide that they may
    occupy the whole space , and not too small
    that things like furniture , fridge may not
    pass.
    4)Usually doors are 4 feet wide and 7 feet
    high.

    Roof :-

    It is a structure used to cover


    the required parts of the
    building. Roof covering of the
    top of a building, serving to
    protect against rain , snow ,
    sunlight, wind , and extremes
    of temperature. Roofs have
    been constructed in a wide
    variety of forms flat, pitched ,
    vaulted, domed, or in
    combination. In Pakistan flat

    Following points should be kept in mind


    while constructing roof :
    1)Roof should have proper slope so that rain
    water may not stand over it
    2)External surface of roof must prevent rainfall
    and other precipitations from penetrating a
    building.
    3)Roof should be strong enough to bear
    expected load.

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