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    Marching Toward War

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    The document summarizes the rising tensions in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that ultimately led to World War 1. Nationalism grew intensely among European powers as they competed for territory and colonies, leading to militarism and an arms race. Otto von Bismarck forged alliances between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy to isolate France, but these shifting alliances later threatened peace when Germany's alliance with Russia lapsed. The Balkans, with its ethnic conflicts, became a powder keg as tensions rose between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over territories.

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    Marching Toward War

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    69 views15 pages
    The document summarizes the rising tensions in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that ultimately led to World War 1. Nationalism grew intensely among European powers as they competed for territory and colonies, leading to militarism and an arms race. Otto von Bismarck forged alliances between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy to isolate France, but these shifting alliances later threatened peace when Germany's alliance with Russia lapsed. The Balkans, with its ethnic conflicts, became a powder keg as tensions rose between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over territories.

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    The document summarizes the rising tensions in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that ultimately led to World War 1. Nationalism grew intensely among European powers as they competed for territory and colonies, leading to militarism and an arms race. Otto von Bismarck forged alliances between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy to isolate France, but these shifting alliances later threatened peace when Germany's alliance with Russia lapsed. The Balkans, with its ethnic conflicts, became a powder keg as tensions rose between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over territories.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    69 views15 pages

    Marching Toward War

    Uploaded by

    api-52920438
    The document summarizes the rising tensions in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that ultimately led to World War 1. Nationalism grew intensely among European powers as they competed for territory and colonies, leading to militarism and an arms race. Otto von Bismarck forged alliances between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy to isolate France, but these shifting alliances later threatened peace when Germany's alliance with Russia lapsed. The Balkans, with its ethnic conflicts, became a powder keg as tensions rose between Serbia and Austria-Hungary over territories.

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    of 15

    Marching Toward War

    Chapter 29, Section 1

    Introduction
    Efforts to outlaw war and achieve a
    permanent peace had been gaining
    momentum in Europe since the middle of
    the 19th century.
    Some Europeans believed that progress
    had made war a thing of the past.
    Yet in little more than a decade, a massive
    war would spread across the globe.

    Rising Tensions in Europe


    Below

    the surface of peace and


    goodwill, Europe witnessed several
    gradual developments that would
    ultimately help propel the continent
    into war.

    The Rise of Nationalism


    The growth of nationalismdeep
    devotion to ones nationcaused intense
    competition among the Great Powers:
    Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain,
    Russia, Italy, and France.
    The Great Powers competed for markets
    and territory.
    Intense nationalism in the nations of the
    Balkans led to demands for independence
    among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and
    others.

    Imperialism and Militarism


    Imperialism, and the quest for colonies
    sometimes pushed European nations to
    the brink of war and intensified the sense
    of rivalry and mistrust.
    The nations of Europe took pride in having
    strong militaries and being prepared for
    war. This led to a dangerous arms race.
    Glorifying military power is called
    militarism.

    Tangled Alliances
    Growing

    rivalries and mutual


    mistrust had led to the creation of
    several military alliances among
    the Great Powers as early as the
    1870s. This alliance system had been
    designed to keep peace in Europe.
    But it would instead help push the
    continent into war.

    Bismarck Forges Early Pacts


    Between 1864 and 1871, Prussias bloodand-iron chancellor, Otto von Bismarck,
    freely used war to unify Germany.
    Bismarck saw France as the greatest threat
    to peace.
    His goal was to isolate France and leave it
    without allies.
    In 1879, Bismarck formed the Dual
    Alliance between Germany and AustriaHungary.
    In 1881, Italy joined this alliance forming
    the Triple Alliance.

    Triple Alliance (1881)

    WWI News Reel 1934

    Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace


    In 1890, Germanys foreign policy changed
    dramatically. That year, Kaiser Wilhelm
    IIruler of Germanyforced Bismarck to
    resign.
    Wilhelm let his nations treaty with
    Russia lapse in 1890.
    Russia formed a military alliance with
    France in 1892 and 1894. Such an
    alliance had been Bismarcks fear.

    Picture of Kaiser
    Wilhelm II

    Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace


    (continued)
    Kaiser Wilhelm II starts a shipbuilding
    program to make the German navy equal
    to the British fleet.
    Alarmed by this, England forms the Triple
    Entente with France and Russia.
    Therefore, there are two rival camps in
    Europe: the Triple Alliance and the
    Triple Entente.

    Military Alliances
    Before World War I

    Crisis in the Balkans

    This mountainous
    peninsula in the
    southeastern corner of
    Europe was home to
    an assortment of
    ethnic groups. With a
    long history of
    nationalist uprisings
    and ethnic clashes,
    the Balkans was
    known as the
    powder keg of
    Europe.

    A Restless Region
    By the early 1900s the Ottoman Turks had
    declined and the peoples of the Balkans
    had formed new nations: Bulgaria, Greece,
    Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.
    Serbia had a large Slavic population and
    was supported by Russia.
    In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and
    Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were
    outraged and tensions between the two
    nations rose.

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