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    Viewing and Transformation

    Uploaded by

    TarekHemdan
    This document describes the key concepts and functions for viewing transformations, modeling transformations, projection transformations, viewport transformations, and matrix manipulation in OpenGL. It explains functions like gluLookAt() for viewing transformations, glTranslate(), glRotate(), glScale() for modeling transformations, gluPerspective() and glOrtho() for projection, glViewport() for viewport transformations, and glMatrixMode(), glLoadIdentity(), glPushMatrix(), glPopMatrix() for managing the matrix stack. The document provides references to documentation for each OpenGL function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Viewing and Transformation

    Uploaded by

    TarekHemdan
    48 views28 pages
    This document describes the key concepts and functions for viewing transformations, modeling transformations, projection transformations, viewport transformations, and matrix manipulation in OpenGL. It explains functions like gluLookAt() for viewing transformations, glTranslate(), glRotate(), glScale() for modeling transformations, gluPerspective() and glOrtho() for projection, glViewport() for viewport transformations, and glMatrixMode(), glLoadIdentity(), glPushMatrix(), glPopMatrix() for managing the matrix stack. The document provides references to documentation for each OpenGL function.

    Original Description:

    OpenGL_5

    Original Title

    OpenGL_5

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    This document describes the key concepts and functions for viewing transformations, modeling transformations, projection transformations, viewport transformations, and matrix manipulation in OpenGL. It explains functions like gluLookAt() for viewing transformations, glTranslate(), glRotate(), glScale() for modeling transformations, gluPerspective() and glOrtho() for projection, glViewport() for viewport transformations, and glMatrixMode(), glLoadIdentity(), glPushMatrix(), glPopMatrix() for managing the matrix stack. The document provides references to documentation for each OpenGL function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    48 views28 pages

    Viewing and Transformation

    Uploaded by

    TarekHemdan
    This document describes the key concepts and functions for viewing transformations, modeling transformations, projection transformations, viewport transformations, and matrix manipulation in OpenGL. It explains functions like gluLookAt() for viewing transformations, glTranslate(), glRotate(), glScale() for modeling transformations, gluPerspective() and glOrtho() for projection, glViewport() for viewport transformations, and glMatrixMode(), glLoadIdentity(), glPushMatrix(), glPopMatrix() for managing the matrix stack. The document provides references to documentation for each OpenGL function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Viewing and Transformation

    OpenGL program -3
    #include glut.h
    static GLfloat year=0.0f, day=0.0f;
    void display();
    void reshape(GLsizei , GLsizei );
    void idle();

    void keyboard(unsigned char , int, int);


    void init()
    {
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }

    1/7

    OpenGL program -3

    2/7

    void display()
    {
    // clear the buffer
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    glPushMatrix();
    glutWireSphere(1.0, 20, 16);
    glRotatef(year, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glTranslatef(3.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glRotatef(day, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.5, 10, 8);
    glPopMatrix();
    // swap the front and back buffers
    glutSwapBuffers();
    }

    // the Sun

    // the Planet

    OpenGL program -3

    3/7

    void reshape(GLsizei w, GLsizei h)


    {
    // viewport transformation
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    // projection transformation
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(60.0, (GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h, 1.0, 20.0);
    // viewing and modeling transformation
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0, 3.0, 5.0, // eye
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, // center
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0); // up
    }

    OpenGL program -3
    // GLUT idle function
    void idle()
    {
    day += 10.0;
    if(day > 360.0)
    day -= 360.0;
    year += 1.0;
    if(year > 360.0)
    year -= 360.0;
    // recall GL_display() function
    glutPostRedisplay();
    }

    4/7

    OpenGL program -3
    // GLUT keyboard function
    void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
    {
    switch(key)
    {
    case 'd':
    day += 10.0;
    if(day > 360.0)
    day -= 360.0;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'y':
    year += 1.0;
    if(year > 360.0)
    year -= 360.0;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'a':
    // assign idle function
    glutIdleFunc(GL_idle);
    break;
    case 'A':
    glutIdleFunc(0);
    break;
    case 27:
    exit(0);
    }
    }

    5/7

    OpenGL program -3

    6/7

    int main(int argc, char** argv)


    {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glutCreateWindow("Planet");
    init();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutIdleFunc(idle);
    glutMainLoop();
    }

    OpenGL program -3

    7/7

    The camera analogy

    Set up tripod and pointing


    the camera at the scene
    (viewing transformation)

    Arrange the scene to be


    photographed into the
    desired composition
    (modeling transformation)

    1/2

    The camera analogy

    Choose a camera lens or


    adjust the zoom
    (projection transformation).

    Determine how large you


    want the final photograph
    to be
    (viewport transformation).

    2/2

    Overview
    Vertex
    Vertex

    Modelview
    Modelview
    Matrix
    Matrix

    X
    Y
    Z
    W
    Object
    coordinat
    es
    TODO:

    Projection
    Projection
    Matrix
    Matrix

    Perspective
    Division

    Viewport
    Viewport
    Transformation
    Transformation
    X
    Y

    eye
    coordinat
    es
    TODO:

    1. Switch matrix
    mode to
    GL_MODELVIEW and
    call glLoadIdentity().
    2. Call gluLookAt().
    3. Your own modeling
    transformations.

    clip
    coordinat
    es

    normalized
    device
    coordinates
    TODO:

    1. Switch matrix mode to


    GL_PROJECTION and call
    glLoadIdentity().
    2. Call gluPerspective() if
    you want perspective
    projection.
    3. Call gluOrtho2D() if you

    window
    coordinat
    es

    1. Call
    glViewport().

    Matrix in OpenGL

    Consider a transformation (T1T2Tn). To


    build the transformation matrix, we
    shall multiply identity matrix by T1 then
    T2until Tn,
    The order of issuing commands shall be
    inversed.

    Ex: rotate then translate


    glTranslatef(1,0,0);
    glRotatef(45.0, 0, 0, 1);

    Viewing transformations

    1/2

    gluLookAt(

    GLdouble eyex, GLdouble eyey, GLdouble eyez,


    GLdouble centerx, GLdouble centery, GLdouble centerz,

    );
    eyex, eyey, eyez is where the camera
    is positioned.
    centerx, centery, centerz is where the
    camera looks at.
    Upx, upy, upz is the up-vector of the
    camera.

    GLdouble upx, GLdouble upy, GLdoubpe upz

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glufnc01_8wtw.asp

    Viewing transformations

    2/2

    Use gluLookAt() to indicate where


    the camera is placed and aimed.
    If not called,
    the camera has a
    default position at the origin,
    points down the negative Z-axis,
    and an up-vector of positive Y-axis.

    Modeling transformation

    1/4

    Perform rotate, translate, scale and


    combinations of these
    transformations
    In OpenGL, modeling and viewing
    transformation are combined into
    the modelview matrix before the
    transformation are applied.

    Modeling transformation

    2/4

    glTranslate{fd}( TYPE x,TYPE y,TYPE z );


    Multiplies current matrix by a matrix
    that moves an object by x,y,z

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_9a05.asp

    glTranslatef( 0, 0, -1
    );

    Modeling transformation

    glRotate{fd}(
    );

    3/4

    TYPR angle,TYPE x,TYPR y,TYPE z

    Multiplies current matrix by a matrix


    that rotates an object in a
    counterclockwise direction about the
    ray from origin to (x,y,z) with angle as
    the degrees.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/englRotatef( 45.0, 0, 0,
    us/opengl/glfunc03_21d1.asp

    1);

    Modeling transformation

    4/4

    glScale{fd}( TYPE x,TYPE y,TYPE


    z );

    Multiplies current matrix by a matrix


    that scales an object along axes.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_1691.asp

    glScalef( 2.0, -0.5, 1.0


    );

    Projection transformation
    1/5

    Determine what the field of view


    (or viewing volume) is and how
    objects are projected onto the
    screen.

    Projection transformation
    2/5

    Perspective Projection

    glFrustum( GLdouble left, GLdouble


    right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble
    top, GLdouble near, GLdouble far );

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc02_0oj1.asp

    Projection transformation
    3/5

    gluPerspective( GLdouble fovy,


    GLdouble aspect, GLdouble near,
    GLdouble far );

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glufnc01_6m79.asp

    Projection transformation
    4/5

    Orthographic projection

    glOrtho( GLdouble left, GLdouble


    right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble
    top, GLdouble near, GLdouble far );

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_8qnj.asp

    Projection transformation
    5/5

    gluOrtho2D( GLdouble left, GLdouble


    right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble
    top);

    Equal to calling glOrtho with near=1


    and far=1.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glufnc01_5alg.asp

    Viewport transformations

    void glViewport( GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei


    width, GLsizei height );

    Transform the final image into some region


    of the window
    x, y :The lower-left corner of the viewport
    rectangle, in pixels. The default is (0,0).
    width, height :The width and height of the
    viewport. The default is set to the
    dimensions of that window
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_5ur8.asp

    Matrix Manipulation

    void glMatrixMode( GLenum mode );

    Switch between three modes

    1/4

    GL_MODELVIEW, GL_PROJECTION, GL_TEXTURE

    Each matrix mode has its own matrix


    stack.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/opengl/glfunc03_4vs5.asp

    void glLoadIdentity();
    Set current matrix to the 4x4 identity
    matrix

    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/opengl/glfunc03_6h2x.asp

    Matrix Manipulation

    2/4

    glLoadMatrix{f,d}( const TYPE*


    m );

    Replaces current matrix by a user


    defined matrix
    The user defined matrix m is a 4x4
    array
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_3260.asp

    Matrix Manipulation

    3/4

    glMultMatrix{f,d}( const TYPE*


    m );

    Multiplies current matrix by a user


    defined matrix
    The user defined matrix m is a 4x4
    array.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_0xmg.asp

    Matrix Manipulation

    void glPushMatrix();

    4/4

    Push current matrix into matrix stack.

    Void glPopMatrix();

    Pop matrix from matrix stack


    These stack operations of matrix is
    very useful for constructing a
    hierarchical structure.
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/opengl/glfunc03_246w.asp

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