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    Interactions in Communities: Section 2

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    Interactions in Communities: Section 2

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    224 views16 pages

    Interactions in Communities: Section 2

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    of 16

    Ch.

    5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Section 2: Interactions In Communities


    • How do predator-prey interactions influence both
    predators and prey?

    • How are plants protected from herbivores?

    • How does symbiosis work?

    • What are examples of all these relationship?


    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    1) Predator-Prey Interactions

    • Predation --- one organism killing another for food.

    • The predator is often bigger or more powerful


    • The prey population is larger than the predator
    population
    • The predator population usually follows the prey
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    1) Predator-Prey Interactions (cont.)


    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Predator-Prey Interactions, cont.

    See Visual Concept 60350: PREDATION


    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    2) Herbivory
    • Herbivores are animals that eat plants.

    • Unlike predators, herbivores do not often kill the plants.


    But plants do try to defend themselves.

    • Plants defend themselves from herbivores with thorns


    and spines or with bad tasting chemical compounds.
    These chemical compounds may even cause sickness or
    death.

    • See Visual Concept 60352: HERBIVORY


    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    3) Other Interactions: Symbiosis


    • Not all interactions between organisms result in a winner
    and a loser.

    • Symbiosis -- two species live in close association with each


    other. One species benefits, and the other might or might not
    benefit

    • Three types of symbiosis:


    1) Parasitism

    2) Mutualism

    3) Commensalism
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    QuickTime™ and a
    mpeg4 decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Parasitism
    • In parasitism, a parasite feeds on a host.

    • The host is almost always larger than the parasite, and is


    usually harmed but not intentionally killed.

    • Parasites often live on or in their host. Therefore, the


    parasite gets both food and a place to live.

    • Examples: fleas, tapeworms, mosquitoes, ticks, leeches


    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Parasites, continued

    QuickTime™ and a
    TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Parasites, continued
    • Hosts try to keep parasites from infecting them --
    immune systems, scratching, tail swatting.

    QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a


    TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
    are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture.
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Mutualism: BOTH species benefit


    Egrets on large mammals Cleaner fish

    QuickTime™ and a
    TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Egrets on large mamals Cleaner fish

    QuickTime™ and a
    TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Commensalism
    • one species is helped,
    but the other is neutral.

    – Orchids on forest
    trees to reach the sun
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Commensalism, cont.
    Monarch caterpillar is
    immune to milkweed
    poison -- absorbs it
    and becomes
    poisonous to butterfly
    predators
    QuickTime™ and a
    TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.

    Milkweed is neither
    helped, nor harmed
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Summary
    1. Predators kill prey for food; populations are related

    2. Herbivores eat plants, but plants can defend through thorns, taste, or toxins

    3. Symbiosis is close connection between two species; at least one benefits


    Relationship Species A Species B
    Parasitism Helps Hurts
    Mutualism Helps Helps
    Commensalism Helps Neutral
    Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111

    Vocabulary List
    • Predation (predator, prey)
    • Herbivory
    • Symbiosis
    • Parasitism (parasite, host)
    • Mutualism
    • Commensalism

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