Chilled Beams

and
Halton Adaptableclimate

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms and hospitals

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Active chilled beam operation principle

Active chilled beam for

suspended installation

Active chilled beams

for exposed installation

Passive chilled beams

Chilled Beams

Active Chilled Beams Perpendicular to Perimeter Wall

Chilled Beams

Active Chilled Beam Parallel to Perimeter Wall

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms

Chilled Beams

Indoor climate conditions with chilled beams

Chilled Beams

Passive Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Passive Beam Applications

Chilled Beams

Passive Chilled Beams perimeter application

Designed to offset solar heat gains in the perimeter zone

Minimisation of the depth of the perimeter zone with high cooling demand
Increased cooling capacity due to higher temperature of re-circulated air.
Slot width between perimeter and beam 200300mm
Distance between blinds and chilled beam appr. 600mm.

Chilled Beams

Application using Passive and Active Chilled Beams

Passive chilled beams parallel and active chilled beams perpendicular to faade.

Chilled Beams

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms

Chilled Beams

Building Conditions

Cooling demand in the space typically less than 80 W/floor-m2

(max 120 W/floor-m2 )

Heating demand less than 40 W/floor-m2

Limited infiltration through building envelope

Special attention to the building management system if windows

are openable

Typical applications are cellular and open plans offices, hotel

rooms, hospital wards, retail shops, bank halls etc.

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams
West
Window type and direction

South
East

Low-e,
Antis.green

2xClear,
Blinds 50%

2xClear, No
blinds

Low-e,
Antis.green

2xClear,
Blinds 50%

2xClear, No
blinds

Low-emis.,
Antis.green

2xClear,
Blinds 50%

2xClear, No
blinds

Cooling required [W/mfloor]

Design based on real cooling requirements

increased life cycle economy and comfort
120

110

100

90

80
Helsinki
Paris

Rome

70

60

50

40

Chilled Beams

Condensation Must be Prevented

Sufficiently high inlet water temperature

14C or higher

Dehumidification of primary air

Especially when the outdoor air temperature is above 22C

Insulating valves and pipes

Using condensation sensors on the pipe surface

Raising the chilled water temperature or switching

valves locally if there is an increased risk of condensation

Chilled Beams

off

Dehumidification process in ix-diagram

Outdoor air in
Eastern-Europe

Outdoor air in
Southern-Europe
Outdoor air
in Scandinavia

Room air

Supply air

Inlet water to beams:

no dehumidification
Inlet water to beams: dehumidification

Water temp. in AHU

Chilled Beams

Selection of Primary Air

Primary air should be dehumidified in most cases

Airflow rate must be high enough to

absorb the humidity generated in the space
fulfil the hygienic needs

Typical primary air volume is

1.5 3 l/s,floor-m2
5 - 15 l/s,beam-m

Very high primary airflow rates increase the risk of draught in the
occupied zone

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Scematic Diagram of a Chilled Beam System

Chilled Beams

Chilled beams and constant-pressure ductwork

for efficiency

Chilled Beams

Chilled beams and constant-pressure ductwork

for efficiency

In traditional active chilled beam systems, the ductwork is a proportionally

balanced constant-air-flow distribution system.

Use of an active constant-pressure duct work provides unprecedented

benefits:
chilled beams with pressure-dependent variable
and constant flow can be combined in the same ductwork
individual air flow adjustments of chilled beams can be made
without the need to balance the ductwork
pressure control dampers allow local zone ventilation operation
hours, contributing to energy efficiency in buildings where
office hours tend to differ

Chilled Beams

Constant pressure vs. traditional ductwork

balancing
Air balancing and adjustment with constant
duct pressure.

Chilled Beams

Traditional balancing of ductwork.

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms

Chilled Beams

Cost Elements over the Life-Cycle of the Building

Productivity Costs
Thermal Conditions
Indoor Air Quality

Adaptation Costs
in Layout Changes
Re-installations
Adjustments

Maintenance Costs

Energy Costs

Cleaning
Fault Detection & Repairs

Thermal energy
Power Consumption

Chilled Beams

Personal Preferences
Complains on Thermal, Air
Quality and Acoustics Conditions

Investment Costs
Equipment & Installation
Central Units; Room System
Ductwork; Pipework
Controls etc.

Maintenance of Chilled Beams

Cleaning of coils when needed (once in every 1-5 years)

No filters to be changed
No condensation collection system to be cleaned
No breaking fans
Case study: Fan coil in 300 rooms, 20-year life cycle:
Filter change:

25/filter twice a year

300.000

15 min to replace @ 20/hr 60.000

Cleaning of condensation system:

Motor replacement:

3 times/year @ 15 min
200/motor
2 h work @ 20/hr
1000/ unit

Fan coil replacement:

Total
Chilled beam in 300 rooms, 20-year life cycle:

Chilled Beams

90.000
60.000
12.000
150.000
672.000

Cleaning of chilled beam:

once in every year 30 min @ 20/hr

60.000

Difference in maintenance and replacement costs

612.000

Energy Efficiency of Chilled Beam System

No thousands of small fans running in the building

Increased inlet water temperature in cooling (14 OC or above)

Improved chiller efficiency

Easier to use free energy sources and heat pumps
Less heat losses
But bigger pipes and pumps

Decreased inlet water temperature in heating (35...40 OC)

Full, minimum fresh air system typically
Small ducts
Small AHU

Lower duct pressure than in traditional induction units

Chilled Beams

The practise: Business supporting spaces

are adaptable
4. Indoor
environment is
updated

3. Workplaces
are redesigned

Chilled Beams

1. Business
demands change

2. New layout is
required

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms

Chilled Beams

The solution: Halton AdaptableClimate

Indoor climate solution that makes easy, fast and

cost efficient changes possible:
Flexible positioning of office and meeting rooms
Flexible changes, from open-plan office to office rooms
During design and use (solution is based on one
specification).

Indoor climate solution that provides excellent

conditions:
In space program and layout changes
Individual conditions, also in an open-plan office.

Indoor climate solution with sound life cycle costs

Based on energy efficient, adaptable chilled beam
technology
Minimized churn costs

Chilled Beams

Halton AdaptableClimate
From open-plan offices to office rooms

Chilled Beams

Halton Velocity Control for enhanced thermal

comfort
Primary air represents
only about 25% of the
air circulating in the
room. Adjusting
amount of induced air
affects the thermal
comfort effectively:

Left: controlling
thermal conditions in
an open-plan office
Right: Velocity patterns
with different HVC
positions
Left: controlling
thermal conditions in
an office room, where
partition wall is
relocated

Chilled Beams

Halton AdaptableClimate
From office to meeting room

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

CCC, Halton AdaptableClimate

From office to meeting room

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Halton CCE

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Design for Adaptability:

Selection of chilled beam model and size

Uniform duct pressure level throughout the building

Uniform model, size ( effective length) and nozzle type

Uniform optimised (minimum) water flow rate where possible

HVC position 2 in order to enable changes performance characteristics

Naturally the supply air and inlet water temperatures are typically uniform

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

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Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Content:
1. Chilled beam operation
2. Room conditions
3. System design
4. Life time costs
5. Why from Halton: Halton AdaptableClimate concept
6. Chilled beams in hotel guest rooms

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams in Hotel Guest Rooms

Guest satisfaction and comfort depend on indoor climate conditions and
their control
Comfortable room conditions, with individual control
Temperature
Indoor air quality
Lighting

Draught free
Ventilation system should operate
quietly
Ventilation system should match
architectural requirements
of the space

Chilled Beams

Halton Guest Room Application with Halton

CBH Chilled Beam
Supply:
CBH chilled beam
Cooling and heating
Automaticly balanced
control valve

Extract:
URH exhaust valve
----------------------------

Control:
Halton Controller
----------------------------

Fire and smoke safety

FDE fire damper

INDOOR CLIMATE QUALITY ADAPTABILITY - ENERGY SAVING LIFE CYCLE COST EFFICIENCY

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Room
Air
supply

Induced room air

Chilled Beams

Supply
air

Water Heat
exchanger

Ceiling
Mask plate
Induced air, h = 100 mm
Light fixture

Chilled Beams

Hilton-Scandic Hotel

Chilled Beams

Ceiling
Mask plate
Induced air, h = 100 mm
Light fixture

Integration with
lighting system
Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beams

Scandic Hotel

Chilled Beams

Hotel Anglais

Chilled Beams

Halton Guest Room Application with Halton CHH

Chilled Beam
Supply:
CHH chilled beam
Cooling and heating
Automaticly balanced
control valve

Extract:
URH exhaust valve
----------------------------

Control:
Halton Controller
----------------------------

Fire and smoke safety

FDE fire damper

Chilled Beams

Halton Guest Room with Halton CHH Chilled Beam

Chilled Beams

Halton CHH section view

Room
air
supply

Primary
air supply
Water cooled
heat exchanger
Return air grille
and access panel

Chilled Beams

Front
grille
Induced room air

Chilled Beams

Healthcare Indoor Climate solutions

Halton Demand Based Indoors for Healthcare:

Matching environment with adaptable system

Patient rooms:
Isolation rooms:
Treatment rooms:
Laboratories:
Meeting rooms:
Public areas:
Catering, kitchen:

Chilled beams system with constant airflow

High airflow rate and Hepa filtration
Low velocity supply with variable airflow
High / variable airflow, local exhaust
Mixed flow ventilation with variable airflow
Displacement ventilation with variable airflow
Capture jet hoods and ceilings with displacement

Indoor Climate
Quality
Flexibility

Chilled Beams

Patient rooms

Challenges / Trends:
Infection Control
Hygienic, Cleanable environment
Number of patients in one room decreasing
Isolation

Increased need for Personal Comfort &

Accelerated healing
Increased need for Indoor Climate control
Privacy -> # of patients in one room decreasing
Cosy , peaceful environment (Low noise)

Indoor Climate Solutions:

Cooled Beams with Temperature & Velocity Control (HVC) enabling airflow
pattern control within room

Chilled Beams

Patient rooms with CBC beam

Hygienic, clean environment

Openable bottom plate
Fully cleanable construction
Removable coil

Chilled Beams

Patient room using CBC beam

Good and Flexible indoor climate conditions

Individual space velocity conditions can be
adjusted using Halton Velocity Controller

Chilled Beams

University College London Hospital, UK

(UCLH)

Chilled Beams

Chilled Beam Application Guidebook

History of chilled beams:

Developed in Scandinavia in the middle of 1980s

Rapidly spread all over the Europe in the end of 1990s
Some installations in USA, Far East, etc.

This guidebook is aimed at

Consulting engineers and contractors, who want to design

and execute good chilled beam systems

Facility owners, who want to develop life cycle cost efficient

buildings and comfortable occupied spaces for people.
This book provides tools and guidance

To achieve good indoor climate in the space using chilled

beam technology,

To select chilled beams and other required components and

To design the air and water distribution system.

Presents some case studies, where chilled beams are used.

Chilled Beams