VAV Diffuser Slide

Therma-Fuser™ VAV Diffusers
Acutherm Design and Application Seminar

2017
Installed on all 5 continents
- Founded in 1978
-Inventor of VAV diffusers
- Market leader in VAV diffusers
- OVER 2 MILLION Therma-Fuser™ diffusers
- OVER 10 THOUSAND Buildings

High Performance
Air Systems
comfort energy economics
WHAT IS A THERMA-FUSER DIFFUSER
The essential elements or concepts for a VAV Diffuser include;

1. Mechanical Damper to vary flow of supply air.
2. Room Temperature sensing process.
3. Control of mechanical movement against user selectable temp. set-point.
4. Method of sensing supply air temperature to effect control orientation from
cooling to heating and vice versa.
WHAT IS A THERMA-FUSER DIFFUSER
Thermally actuated VAV Diffusers offer quite a

unique solution with some added benefits
over their electric and pneumatic
“cousins”, including;
1. Temperature sensing and mechanical

movement provided by the same
PASSIVE device.
2. No external “power” is needed to operate
units, they work in balance with the zones
own thermal load.
3. Sealed device requires NO maintenance
or calibration, EVER.
4. Tried and proven technology from
Aerospace Industry – very accurate, very
repeatable results and very reliable.
THERMA-FUSER BENEFITS
• COMFORT – Superior Air Distribution

• ENERGY – Lowest Energy VAV
• COST – Lowest cost per zone of control
• FLEXIBILITY – Adapts to layout changes
• NO MAINTENANCE
COMFORT – THE VAV BOX
9:00am
Work begins: each in own office
23º 23º 23º 23º 23º
20º 24º
People are not robots, comfort is very individual.

COMFORT – THE VAV BOX
11:00am
Boss calls a team meeting
20º 18º 18º 23º 20º
Major amount of sub-cooling happening.

Energy is being poorly directed and hence wasted.
COMFORT – THE THERMA-FUSER WAY
9:00am
Work begins: each in own office
21º 23º 24º 23º 23º
Each VAV Diffuser location provides an opportunity for

customized adjustment.
11:00am
Boss calls a team meeting
21º 23º 24º 23º 23º
And the temperature will remain constant all day –

adjusting to the inevitable load changes.
Therma-Fuser Diffuser
Variable opening =
Constant discharge
velocity
- Coanda (no dumping)
- Throw
- Entrainment
- Mixing
- High ADPI
- Good room air change effectiveness
at design and turndown!

100% Load – Design Conditions

Good Room Air Good Room Air

Movement Movement
25% Load – Actual Conditions

Dumping Maintains
Good Room Air
Movement
LOWEST ENERGY VAV TERMINAL
1. Individual Temperature Control

2. Low turndown ratio
3. Low pressure systems
Low pressure systems
VAV BOX THERMA-FUSER VAV DIFFUSER

Inlet static 0.4-0.5”wg / 100-125Pa Inlet static 0.05-0.25”wg / 12-62Pa
System static 0.75-1.25”wg / 187-311Pa System static 0.25”wg / 62Pa
System static reduced by

0.5-1.0”wg / 125-250Pa
Low Turndown Ratio
VAV BOX THERMA-FUSER VAV DIFFUSER

Compromise between minimum Average turndown ratios
flow and pressure drop to maintain of 10% or less
velocity over sensors for control
typically results in a turndown
ratio of 25-30%
The energy modeling software will increase the turndown ratio

where required by code/standard for ventilation.
Low pressure systems

LOWEST COST PER ZONE OF CONTROL
Comparative system pricing:
VAV BOX SYSTEM THERMA-FUSER™ SYSTEM
More info on this topic available online! Download document 2.2G at www.acutherm.com
FLEXIBILITY
No VAV Diffuser
zone is split when
office walls are put
up or moved.
Buildings are increasingly
looking at lifetime system CONVENTIONAL VAV BOX SYSTEM
costs
Lower T.I. costs are attractive

to new tenants and decrease
vacancy time
Moving VAV Diffusers is as

easy as moving a
conventional diffuser
VAV DIFFUSER MODULAR VAV SYSTEM
LOW TO NO MAINTENANCE
Typically most VAV Box systems require

some form of periodic maintenance
and more often than not urgent
breakdown repair;
10 Years warranty
Life Cycle Cost
Example: A building of 20 floors with 25 VAV boxes per floor.

The life cycle cost per floor over 10 years:
VAV diffuser VAV box Remarks
Warranty 10 years 1 year
More than 10 years
Life Cycle with 20 years building 7 years
references
Year 1 NIL NIL Free, under warranty
Year 2 NIL $ 5,000.00
Year 3 NIL $ 5,000.00
Year 4 NIL $ 5,000.00 Maintenance and service, 50 dollar per
Year 5 NIL $ 5,000.00 no, 4 times per year
Year 6 NIL $ 5,000.00
Year 7 NIL $ 5,000.00
Year 8 NIL $ 10,000.00 Replacement, 400 dollar per no
Year 9 NIL $ 5,000.00 Maintenance and service, 50 dollar per
Year 10 NIL $ 5,000.00 no, 4 times per year
Life Cycle Cost based
NIL $ 50,000.00 please see above 10 years break down
on 10 years period
The total LCC over 10 years for this 20

floors will be $1,000,000 !
Example Layout for Mechanical Type
BMS interfacing Option
• Solar power Wireless type Adjuster, 24V AC power required at the receiver
on the diffuser
• Able to reset the room temperature from 20’C-24’C.
• Maximum able to loop 5 diffusers (1 master, 4 secondary)
• All the secondary diffusers will follow the master temperature set point but
work independently.
• Can be linked to BMS to reset temperature set point and read the
instantaneous temperature set point by using 0-10V DC. The temperature
set point will base on the last command whichever from the BMS or
adjuster.
• C/w room temperature sensor in the adjuster and able to display the room
temperature but it is not able to link to BMS for monitoring.
Job References
High Security Building
• DSTA Tower A • Customs & Immigration CheckPoint at Woodlands

• Qty:above 2000 • Qty:470 nos
Job References
Office Buildings
Job References
Office Buildings
Job References
Education
• SIT HQ at Dover Crescent • MDIS at Educity

• Qty:31 nos • Qty: 492 nos.
Job References
Education
• NUS Computer Building • Library of Institute of SEA Studies

• Qty: 420 nos • Qty:430nos
Job References
Factory
• 3M Factory • Chartered Semi-Com II at Woodlands

• Qty: 35 nos • Qty: 560 nos
Job References
• Shaw Tower at Orchard

• Qty: 300nos
• Since 1997
Job References
Upcoming Project
• DSTA Tower B
• Southernwood Project(Old CPF building, owner

Ascendas)
• Science Park Cluster 1 (owner Ascendas)

Thank You
Q&A

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Therma-Fuser™ VAV Diffusers

Acutherm Design and Application Seminar

-Inventor of VAV diffusers

- Market leader in VAV diffusers

- OVER 2 MILLION Therma-Fuser™ diffusers

- OVER 10 THOUSAND Buildings

The essential elements or concepts for a VAV Diffuser include;

Thermally actuated VAV Diffusers offer quite a

1. Temperature sensing and mechanical

• COMFORT – Superior Air Distribution

Work begins: each in own office

23º 23º 23º 23º 23º

People are not robots, comfort is very individual.

Boss calls a team meeting

20º 18º 18º 23º 20º

Major amount of sub-cooling happening.

Work begins: each in own office

21º 23º 24º 23º 23º

Each VAV Diffuser location provides an opportunity for

Boss calls a team meeting

21º 23º 24º 23º 23º

And the temperature will remain constant all day –

at design and turndown!

100% Load – Design Conditions

Good Room Air Good Room Air

25% Load – Actual Conditions

1. Individual Temperature Control

Low pressure systems

VAV BOX THERMA-FUSER VAV DIFFUSER

System static reduced by

Low Turndown Ratio

VAV BOX THERMA-FUSER VAV DIFFUSER

The energy modeling software will increase the turndown ratio

Low pressure systems

Comparative system pricing:

VAV BOX SYSTEM THERMA-FUSER™ SYSTEM

Lower T.I. costs are attractive

Moving VAV Diffusers is as

Typically most VAV Box systems require

Example: A building of 20 floors with 25 VAV boxes per floor.

The total LCC over 10 years for this 20

High Security Building

• DSTA Tower A • Customs & Immigration CheckPoint at Woodlands

• SIT HQ at Dover Crescent • MDIS at Educity

• NUS Computer Building • Library of Institute of SEA Studies

• 3M Factory • Chartered Semi-Com II at Woodlands

• Shaw Tower at Orchard

• Southernwood Project(Old CPF building, owner

• Science Park Cluster 1 (owner Ascendas)

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