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    Baseline Vital Signs

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    caputmedusa
    Vital signs are key indicators of a patient's condition. The initial set of vital signs taken are considered the baseline against which subsequent readings are compared to monitor trends. The baseline vital signs include pulse, respiration, blood pressure, eyes, lung sounds, level of consciousness, and skin assessment. Normal ranges are provided for pulse, respiration, and blood pressure in adults, children, and infants. Methods for assessing each vital sign are described in detail including how to take a manual blood pressure and assess pupils, lung sounds, and level of consciousness.

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    Baseline Vital Signs

    Uploaded by

    caputmedusa
    290 views39 pages
    Vital signs are key indicators of a patient's condition. The initial set of vital signs taken are considered the baseline against which subsequent readings are compared to monitor trends. The baseline vital signs include pulse, respiration, blood pressure, eyes, lung sounds, level of consciousness, and skin assessment. Normal ranges are provided for pulse, respiration, and blood pressure in adults, children, and infants. Methods for assessing each vital sign are described in detail including how to take a manual blood pressure and assess pupils, lung sounds, and level of consciousness.

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    Vital signs are key indicators of a patient's condition. The initial set of vital signs taken are considered the baseline against which subsequent readings are compared to monitor trends. The baseline vital signs include pulse, respiration, blood pressure, eyes, lung sounds, level of consciousness, and skin assessment. Normal ranges are provided for pulse, respiration, and blood pressure in adults, children, and infants. Methods for assessing each vital sign are described in detail including how to take a manual blood pressure and assess pupils, lung sounds, and level of consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    290 views39 pages

    Baseline Vital Signs

    Uploaded by

    caputmedusa
    Vital signs are key indicators of a patient's condition. The initial set of vital signs taken are considered the baseline against which subsequent readings are compared to monitor trends. The baseline vital signs include pulse, respiration, blood pressure, eyes, lung sounds, level of consciousness, and skin assessment. Normal ranges are provided for pulse, respiration, and blood pressure in adults, children, and infants. Methods for assessing each vital sign are described in detail including how to take a manual blood pressure and assess pupils, lung sounds, and level of consciousness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    Baseline Vital Signs

    Baseline Vital Signs


    Key signs used to evaluate a patients condition
    First set is known as baseline vitals
    Repeated vital signs compared to the baseline
    Need at least 2 sets of vitals to show trending

    Baseline Vital Signs

    PRBELLS

    Pulse
    Respiration
    Blood pressure
    Eyes
    Lung sounds
    LOC - Level of Consciousness
    Skins

    Rate

    Pulse

    Number of beats in 30 seconds x 2


    Number of beats in 15 seconds x 4

    Rhythm
    Regular or irregular

    Quality
    Bounding, strong, or weak (thready)

    Normal Pulse Rates


    Adults 60 to 100 beats/min
    Children 70 to 150 beats/min
    Infants 100 to 160 beats/min
    Fast = Tachycardia - over 100 in adults
    Slow= Bradycardia - under 60 in adults

    Pulse Points

    Pulse Points

    Pulse Points

    Pulse Oximetry

    Pulse Ox Enemies

    Respirations
    Rate
    Number of breaths
    in 30 seconds x 2

    Effort
    Normal or
    Labored

    Rhythm
    Regular or irregular

    Noisy respiration
    Normal, stridor,
    wheezing,
    snoring, gurgling

    Quality
    Character of
    Breathing

    Depth
    Shallow or deep

    Respiratory Rates
    Adults 12 to 20 breaths/min
    Children 15 to 30 breaths/min
    Infants 25 to 50 breaths/min

    Common Terms
    Bradypnea= slow breathing
    Tachypnea= fast breathing
    Eupnea= normal breathing
    Apnea = no breathing

    Blood Pressure
    A drop in blood pressure may indicate:
    Loss of blood
    Loss of vascular tone
    Cardiac pumping problem

    Equipment
    Sphymanometer & Stethescope

    Measuring Blood Pressure


    Diastolic
    Pressure during relaxing phase of the hearts
    cycle
    Systolic
    Pressure during contraction
    Measured as millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
    Recorded as systolic/diastolic

    Blood Pressure

    Auscultation of Blood Pressure


    1. Place cuff on patients arm.
    2. Palpate brachial artery and place stethoscope.
    3. Inflate cuff until you no longer hear pulse sounds.
    4. Continue pumping to increase pressure by an
    additional 20 mm Hg.
    5. Note the systolic and diastolic pressures as
    6. you let air escape slowly.
    7. Korotkoff Sounds
    8. 1st beat you hear is systolic
    9. Last beat you hear is diastolic
    10.As soon as pulse sounds stop, open the
    valve and release the air quickly.

    Palpation of Blood Pressure


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    Secure cuff.
    Locate radial pulse.
    Inflate to about 200 mm Hg.
    Release air until pulse is felt.
    Method only obtains systolic pressure.

    Normal Ranges of Blood Pressure


    Infants (newborn to 1 year)

    50 to 95(systolic)

    Children (1 to 8 years)

    80 to 110 mm Hg
    (systolic)

    Adults

    90 to 140 mm Hg
    (systolic)

    Pupil Assessment
    P - Pupils
    E - Equal
    A - And
    R - Round
    R - Regular in size
    L - React to Light

    Abnormal Pupil Reactions


    Fixed with no reaction to light
    Dilate with light and constrict without
    lightthats a brain problem!
    React sluggishly
    Unequal in size
    Unequal with light or when light is
    removed

    Pupil Reactions

    Level of Consciousness

    Name? Date? Place? Problem?

    Lung Sounds
    Types of Lung Sounds
    Lung sounds are
    typically broken down
    into three categories:
    Normal (vesicular)
    Decreased or
    absent
    Abnormal
    (adventitious)

    Lung Sounds
    There are several types of abnormal lung sounds:
    Wheezes are caused by air flowing rapidly through narrowed
    airway passages
    Rhales are small bubbling or fine clicking sounds made when
    air is forced into collapsed alveoli and/or in the presence of
    fluid in the alveoli and/or bronchioles.
    Rhonchi are low-pitched, sonorous, rumbling, bubbling or
    gurgling sounds.
    Pleural rub, or friction rub, occurs when there is fluid in the
    pleural space between the lung tissue and the interior chest
    wall. There is commonly a grating, rubbing type of sound as the
    visceral (lung) and parietal (chest wall) pleura rub against each
    other.

    Lung Sounds

    Skins

    Reassessment of Vital Signs


    Reassess stable patients every 15
    minutes.
    Reassess unstable patients every 5
    minutes

    Patient History
    SAMPLE
    S - Signs & symptoms
    OPQRST

    A - Allergies
    M - Medications
    P - Past medical history
    L - Last oral intake
    E - Events leading to incident

    S - Signs & Symptoms


    OPQRST

    O - Onset
    When & How did the symptom begin?

    P - Provokes/Palliates
    What makes the symptom worse?
    What makes the symptom better?

    S - Signs & Symptoms


    OPQRST
    Q - Quality
    How would describe the pain?/What does the
    pain feel like?
    DO NOT lead the patient

    R - Region/Radiation
    Where is the pain?
    Does the pain travel anywhere else?

    S - Signs & Symptoms


    OPQRST
    S - Severity
    How bad is the pain? Scale of 1-10

    T - Time
    How long have you had the symptom?

    A - Allergies
    Medications
    Foods
    Environment

    M - Medications
    Are you taking any?
    When did you last take your medication?
    What are they?
    What are they for?
    May I see them?
    May we take them with us?

    P - Previous Medical History


    Pertinent
    Related to this complaint
    Complicating factor

    L - Last Oral Intake


    Food and/or Drink?
    What?
    When?

    E - Events leading up to the


    incident
    What happened?
    When?

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