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    Air Infiltration Into Buildings by Natural Means

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    Syafawani Syazyra
    Air can infiltrate buildings through cracks around windows and doors or through purposeful ventilation openings. The rate of infiltration depends on the pressure difference between inside and outside, which is caused by factors like wind speed and the density difference between warm internal air and colder external air. There are two main methods to calculate infiltration: using the structure's leakage characteristics and pressure differences, or assuming a number of air changes per hour. Bernoulli's equation and experiments show that air flow through openings is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference and the wind velocity squared. Various equations have been developed to calculate infiltration rates based on these relationships.

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    Air Infiltration Into Buildings by Natural Means

    Uploaded by

    Syafawani Syazyra
    199 views12 pages
    Air can infiltrate buildings through cracks around windows and doors or through purposeful ventilation openings. The rate of infiltration depends on the pressure difference between inside and outside, which is caused by factors like wind speed and the density difference between warm internal air and colder external air. There are two main methods to calculate infiltration: using the structure's leakage characteristics and pressure differences, or assuming a number of air changes per hour. Bernoulli's equation and experiments show that air flow through openings is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference and the wind velocity squared. Various equations have been developed to calculate infiltration rates based on these relationships.

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    Original Title

    Air Infiltration

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    Air can infiltrate buildings through cracks around windows and doors or through purposeful ventilation openings. The rate of infiltration depends on the pressure difference between inside and outside, which is caused by factors like wind speed and the density difference between warm internal air and colder external air. There are two main methods to calculate infiltration: using the structure's leakage characteristics and pressure differences, or assuming a number of air changes per hour. Bernoulli's equation and experiments show that air flow through openings is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference and the wind velocity squared. Various equations have been developed to calculate infiltration rates based on these relationships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    199 views12 pages

    Air Infiltration Into Buildings by Natural Means

    Uploaded by

    Syafawani Syazyra
    Air can infiltrate buildings through cracks around windows and doors or through purposeful ventilation openings. The rate of infiltration depends on the pressure difference between inside and outside, which is caused by factors like wind speed and the density difference between warm internal air and colder external air. There are two main methods to calculate infiltration: using the structure's leakage characteristics and pressure differences, or assuming a number of air changes per hour. Bernoulli's equation and experiments show that air flow through openings is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference and the wind velocity squared. Various equations have been developed to calculate infiltration rates based on these relationships.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Air Infiltration into

    Buildings by Natural
    Means

    Air Infiltration
    Air entering a building can be due to:
    Infiltration through cracks round
    windows, door, etc
    Air flow through ventilation openings
    Caused by wind-flow or variation
    between the internal air temperature
    and external temperature producing
    what is termed stack effect

    The actual amount of air flowing into the


    building will depend upon the pressure
    difference between the inside and outside.
    Pressure difference is produced by the
    action of the wind flow around the building.
    The pressure is caused by a difference in
    the density of the internal and external air.
    This difference in pressure being due to the
    phenomenon that the warm air is less
    dense than cold air.

    Calculation of Infiltration
    2 methods
    Calculations based upon the leakage
    characteristics of the structure and
    pressure differences (crack method)
    Calculations based upon an assumed
    number of air change per hour

    Pressure due to Wind Flow


    The relationship between wind
    pressure and wind velocity can be
    obtained from Bernoullis equation:
    Wind Pressure, Pw = v2/2
    where = air density; v = wind
    velocity
    BRE gives Pw = 0.613 v2 Pa
    where v is m/s

    Air Flow Through Openings


    From experiments it has been found
    that the rate of air flow is
    approximately proportional to the
    square root of the pressure
    difference .
    IHVE Guide gives the expression as:
    V=0.827 A (p)0.5
    where V = rate of air flow (m3/s); A
    = area of opening (m2) and p=
    pressure difference across the

    Infiltration does not take place through a


    single opening but that it is more likely
    that there will be a number of openings.
    Where the openings are in parallel, the
    above equation change to the form:
    V=0.827 (A) (p)0.5 m3/s
    And where the openings are in series:
    V=0.827 [A1A2An/(A12 + A22 + An2)0.5] (p)0.5
    m3/s

    Since there was a relationship between wind


    pressure and velocity Pw = v2/2, then it follows
    that the pressure difference can be expressed
    as a function of the wind velocity squared.
    Also shown that that the flow of air through the
    openings is proportional to the squared root of
    the pressure difference, then by combining
    these two relationship it is possible to obtain an
    expression for the flow of air in terms of the
    wind velocity i.e:
    V = constant x A x v

    ASHRAE expressed as: V = Eav


    where V = air flow; A = area of inlet;
    v = wind velocity; E effectiveness
    of openings, having a value between
    0.5 and 0.6 for the case where wind
    is acting at right angles to the face of
    the openings.

    Where the wind is blowing 450 to the


    inlet face then ASHRAE propose that
    the value should be reduced by 50
    %.

    Exercise
    A building is subjected to a wind
    velocity of 4m/s with the wind
    blowing at right angles to one face.
    A total inlet area is 2m2 is situated on
    the windward face and a total outlet
    area of 2m2 is on the leeward face.
    Calculate the ventilation rate.
    Assume E = 0.6

    A building is situated in a city centre


    and is 20m high. A total inlet area of
    1m2 is situated on the windward face
    and a similar outlet area on the
    leeward face. Calculate the
    ventilation rate given the pressure
    difference as 11 pascal.

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