Fundamentals of Aerodynamics Reviewer Part 2

Example # 6: A horizontal water pipe is reduced in size from 18 in in diameter at point A
to 6 in in diameter at B. The flow in the pipe is 10 cu ft per sec, and the pressure at A is
20 lb per sq in. If it is assumed that there is no loss in energy due to friction, what is the
pressure at B?
Given:
Required:
Solution:
Example # 7:A horizontal pipe line enlarges from a diameter of 6in at point A to a diameter
of 12in at point B. The flow of water is 20 cu ft per sec, and the pressure at A is 10 lb per sq
in. What is the pressure at B?
Given:
Required:
Example # 8: An airplane is flying at sea level at 100mph. What is

the difference between impact and static pressure?
Given:
Required
:
Solution:
Example # 9:An airplane is flying at sea level at airspeed of

160knots. What is the difference between impact and static
pressure?
Given:
Required
:
Solution:
Example # 10: An airplane is flying at 10,000ft altitude. The

difference between impact and static pressure is 0.25 lb per sq in.
What is the airspeed in knots?
Given:
Required:
Solution:
Example # 11: A low speed airspeed indicator reads 200 mph when
the airplane is flying at an altitude at which the altimeter reads
6000 ft. While the ambient temperature is found to be 30F.
Calculate the true speed.
Given:
Solution:
From:
P=gRT
Or

Example
# 12: Air at standard pressure and temperature has a
density of 1.225if the air is compressed adiabatically to 4atm,
what are the temperature, density and specific weight?
Given:
Require
d:
Solution:
Since we no data of specific

weight
For checking use Equation
of State P=RT
Different solution for specific

weight
But
Example # 13: Air at standard pressure and temperature is

permitted to expand adiabatically to atm pressure, what are the
density and the temperature?
Given:
Example # 14: Air at standard pressure and temperature is

adiabatically compressed to 50 lb per sq in gage pressure. What is
the temperature?
Given:
Example # 15: Find the speed of sound in air at standard sea level
condition.
Example # 16: Find the speed of sound in air at 6km altitude in

standard atmosphere.
Example # 17: Find the speed of sound when the barometric pressure
is 8.88 in. Hg and the density is 0.000902 slug per cu ft.
Example # 18: What is the speed of sound in air at standard

temperature, 59 deg F.

Example
# 19: In an undisturbed airstream, the pressure is 101325
Pa, the density is 1.225 and the speed is 160. Find the velocity if
the pressure is 90000Pa.
Given:
Required:
Solution:
But:
Example # 20: In an undisturbed airstream, where the pressure is

14.7 lb per sq in and the temperature is 59F, The velocity is 520 ft
per sec where the velocity is 660 ft per sec what is the local
pressure?
Venturi Tube
The Venturi Tube is a convergent-divergent tube with a short
cylindrical throat or constricted section. This device determines the
rate of flow of fluid through the tube be measuring the difference in
pressure between the throat section and the entrance section.
By Incompressible Bernoulli Equation
Where:
By Incompressible Continuity Equation
Then
Or
Example # 1: A Venturi tube narrows down from 4 inches in diameter

to 2 inches in diameter. What is the rate of flow of water if the
pressure at the throat is 2 lb per sq in less than at the larger section?
Example # 2: A venture tube is 6 inches in diameter at the entrance,

where the pressure is 10 lb per sq in. (gage). The throat is 4 inches
diameter; there the pressure is 6 lb sq in. (gage). What is the flow of
water?
Given:
Example # 3: A 12 inches by 6 inches Venturi meter is located in a

horizontal water line. If the pressure gages read 30 lb per sq in. and
16 lb per sq in., what is the flow?
Example # 4: The diameter of section 1 of a Venturi tube is 0.3m. The

diameter of section 2 is 0.15m. What is the flow rate of a substance
(s.g.=0.85) if the pressure between sections 1 and 2 is 12.7cmHg?
Kuta-Joukowski Theorem
Relation between force acting on a body and vortex
circulation.
Flow about a circular cylinder.
By Incompressible Bernoulli Equation
Example# 1: A uniform current of air with a speed of 100 ft per sec.

flows around a circular cylinder at a distance from the cylinder the
pressure is atmospheric. What is the pressure at a point on the
surface of the cylinder located that a radial line through the point
makes an angle of 15 with the direction of airflow?
Example # 2: What is the pressure at 45 from the direction of air

flow?
Example # 3: At what point on the surface of the cylinder is the

pressure at atmospheric?
Lift due to Circulation

Vortex-A steady two dimensional, circular motion of a fluid about
a central axis. This central axis cannot end inside of the fluid. It
must either extend to infinity, extend to a surface of the fluid, or
form a closed curve.
A circular circulation of particles of fluid having the same energy
content and center of rotation.
For Total Lift:
Example # 1: A cylinder 30 inches diameter rotates in an airstream

of 70mph. It develops 40 lb per ft of length. What is the rotational
speed?
Example # 2: A cylinder 1.22m in diameter and 3.5m in length is

rotating at 100rpm in an airstream of 18m per sec. Determine the
total lift and the strength of the circulation of the cylinder at sslc.

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Example # 6: A horizontal water pipe is reduced in size from 18 in in diameter at point A

Example # 8: An airplane is flying at sea level at 100mph. What is

Example # 9:An airplane is flying at sea level at airspeed of

Example # 10: An airplane is flying at 10,000ft altitude. The

Since we no data of specific

Different solution for specific

Example # 13: Air at standard pressure and temperature is

Example # 14: Air at standard pressure and temperature is

Example # 16: Find the speed of sound in air at 6km altitude in

Example # 18: What is the speed of sound in air at standard

Example # 20: In an undisturbed airstream, where the pressure is

By Incompressible Bernoulli Equation

Example # 1: A Venturi tube narrows down from 4 inches in diameter

Example # 2: A venture tube is 6 inches in diameter at the entrance,

Example # 3: A 12 inches by 6 inches Venturi meter is located in a

Example # 4: The diameter of section 1 of a Venturi tube is 0.3m. The

By Incompressible Bernoulli Equation

Example# 1: A uniform current of air with a speed of 100 ft per sec.

Example # 2: What is the pressure at 45 from the direction of air

Example # 3: At what point on the surface of the cylinder is the

Lift due to Circulation

For Total Lift:

Example # 1: A cylinder 30 inches diameter rotates in an airstream

Example # 2: A cylinder 1.22m in diameter and 3.5m in length is

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