Evolution of CBIS

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based
Information System
1-1
Information Management
Information:
The most valuable resource
1-2
Five Main Resources

Personnel
Material
Machines
(including facilities and energy)
Money
Information (and data)
Physical
Conceptual
1-3
How Resources are Managed

Acquire
Assemble, or prepare
Maximize use
Replace
1-4
Factors Stimulating Interest in

Information Management
Increasing complexity of business activity
International economy
Worldwide competition
Increasing complexity of technology
Shrinking time frames
Social constraints
Improved computer capabilities

Size
Speed
1-5
Who are the Users?

Managers
Nonmanagers
Persons & organizations in the firms
environment
1-6
The Influence of Management

Level on Information Source
Strategic planning level
Environmental
Management control level

Operational control level
Internal
1-7
The Influence of Management

Level on Information Form
Summary
Management control level

Operational control level
Detail
1-8
Managers Can Be Found on All

Levels and in All Functional
Areas of the Firm
Management Control Level
Operational Control
Level
Finance
Function
Human
Resources
Function
Information
Services
Function
Manufacturing
Function
Marketing
Function
1-9
What Managers do -Fayols Functions

Strategic
Management
Operational
Planning Level
Control Level
Control Level
Plan
Direct
Staff
Organize
Control
Plan
Control
Organize
Control
Direct
Staff
Direct
Organize
Staff
Plan
1-10
What Managers do -Mintzbergs Roles

Interpersonal roles Decisional roles
Figurehead
Leader
Liaison
Informational roles
Monitor
Disseminator
Spokesperson
Entrepreneur
Disturbance
handler
Resource allocator
Negotiator
1-11
Management Skills
Communications
Problem solving
How can an
information
specialist help?
1-12
Problem Solving Information

Comes in Many Forms
External Sources
Internal Sources
Oral Media
Written Media
Business Meals
Tours
Voice Mail
Telephone
Unscheduled Meetings
Scheduled Meetings
Periodicals
Electronic mail
Letters & Memos
Noncomputer reports
Computer Reports
1-13
Problem Solving
Management Knowledge
Computer literacy
Information literacy
Whats the difference?
1-14
System Components
Component parts of a system that
can control its own operations
Objectives
Control
mechanism
Input
Transformation
Output
1-15
Open-Loop System
Input
Transformation
Output
1-16
Open versus Closed Systems

Open system
Connected to its environment by means of
resource flows
Closed system
Not connected to its environment
1-17
Systems
Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
System
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Subsystem A-1
Subsystem B-1
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem A-3
Elemental
part B1
Elemental
Part C
1-18
Physical and Conceptual Systems

Physical system
The business firm
Composed of physical resources
Conceptual system
Represents a physical system
Uses conceptual resources
Information
Data
1-19
A Systems View
Business operations are embedded within
a larger environmental setting
Reduces complexity
Requires good objectives
Emphasizes working together
Acknowledges interconnections
Values feedback
1-20
Data and Information

Information processor
Key element in the conceptual system

Computer
Noncomputer
Combination
Data is the raw material transformed into

information
1-21
Evolution of the CBIS

Data Processing (DP)
Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964
IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling
disk files and terminals
Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971

Text books distinction:
MIS: Organizational/group - general
DSS: Individual - specific
Office Automation (OA) 1964

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems
(ES) - 1990s
Heavy investment by businesses
1-22
The CBIS Model

Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS)
Accounting
Information System
Problem
Decisions
Information
Management
Information System
Decision Support
Systems
Problem
Solution
The Virtual
Office
Knowledge-based
Systems
1-23
Information Services
Information specialists have
full-time responsibility for
developing and maintaining
computer-based systems
1-24
Traditional Communication Chain

Database
Administrator
User
Systems
Analyst
Programmer
Operator
Computer
Network
Specialist
1-25
End-User Computing (EUC)

End-user computing
Development of all or part of applications
Information specialists act as consultants
Stimulants to EUC
Increased computer literacy

IS backlog
Low-cost hardware (the PC)
Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
1-26
IS and EUC
The End-User Computing
Communication Chain
Information
Specialists
Support
Communication
User
Computer
1-27
Justifying the CBIS

Justify in the same manner as any other
large investment
Economic
Cost reduction
Reduced inventory investment
Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)
Noneconomic
Perceived value
1-28
Achieving the CBIS
1-29
Reengineering the CBIS

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Reworking systems
Good system features retained
Becoming development methodology of
choice
1-30
Roles Played by the Manager

and by the Information
Specialist
Phase
Manager
Information Specialist
Planning
Define problem
Support
Analysis
Control
Design
Control
Implementation
Control
Implement system
Use
Control
Make available
System Study
Design system
1-31
Summary
Information is one of five main resources
Computer output used by managers and
nonmanagers
A system is an integration of elements
working toward an objective
Physical
Conceptual
Data vs. Information

1-32
Summary [cont.]
CBIS composed of various components
AIS
MIS
DSS
Virtual office
Knowledge-based systems
End-user computing trends

CBIS development
1-33
Topik Presentasi
Human Resource Information System
Financial Information System
Manufacturing Information System
Accounting Information System
Marketing Information System
Management Information System
Decision Support System
Enterprise Information System
Executive Information System

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Five Main Resources

How Resources are Managed

Factors Stimulating Interest in

Improved computer capabilities

Who are the Users?

The Influence of Management

Management control level

The Influence of Management

Management control level

Managers Can Be Found on All

What Managers do -Fayols Functions

What Managers do -Mintzbergs Roles

Problem Solving Information

Open versus Closed Systems

Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts

Physical and Conceptual Systems

Data and Information

Key element in the conceptual system

Data is the raw material transformed into

Evolution of the CBIS

Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971

Office Automation (OA) 1964

The CBIS Model

Traditional Communication Chain

End-User Computing (EUC)

Increased computer literacy

Justifying the CBIS

Achieving the CBIS

Reengineering the CBIS

Roles Played by the Manager

Data vs. Information

End-user computing trends

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