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    Introduction To Control Systems: Unit - 1

    Uploaded by

    Vimala Elumalai
    This document provides an introduction to control systems, including: - The topics that will be covered include open-loop and closed-loop control systems, and the difference between them. - A control system consists of subsystems that work together to achieve a desired output, with examples like traffic lights, trains, and air conditioning. - Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems measure the output and compare it to the desired input to reduce errors. - Closed-loop systems are more accurate and able to compensate for disturbances, but are also more complex and expensive than open-loop systems. - Laplace transforms and transfer functions are introduced as mathematical tools for analyzing control systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction To Control Systems: Unit - 1

    Uploaded by

    Vimala Elumalai
    51 views19 pages
    This document provides an introduction to control systems, including: - The topics that will be covered include open-loop and closed-loop control systems, and the difference between them. - A control system consists of subsystems that work together to achieve a desired output, with examples like traffic lights, trains, and air conditioning. - Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems measure the output and compare it to the desired input to reduce errors. - Closed-loop systems are more accurate and able to compensate for disturbances, but are also more complex and expensive than open-loop systems. - Laplace transforms and transfer functions are introduced as mathematical tools for analyzing control systems.

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    Control systems

    Original Title

    Introduction to control system

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    This document provides an introduction to control systems, including: - The topics that will be covered include open-loop and closed-loop control systems, and the difference between them. - A control system consists of subsystems that work together to achieve a desired output, with examples like traffic lights, trains, and air conditioning. - Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems measure the output and compare it to the desired input to reduce errors. - Closed-loop systems are more accurate and able to compensate for disturbances, but are also more complex and expensive than open-loop systems. - Laplace transforms and transfer functions are introduced as mathematical tools for analyzing control systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views19 pages

    Introduction To Control Systems: Unit - 1

    Uploaded by

    Vimala Elumalai
    This document provides an introduction to control systems, including: - The topics that will be covered include open-loop and closed-loop control systems, and the difference between them. - A control system consists of subsystems that work together to achieve a desired output, with examples like traffic lights, trains, and air conditioning. - Open-loop systems do not use feedback, while closed-loop systems measure the output and compare it to the desired input to reduce errors. - Closed-loop systems are more accurate and able to compensate for disturbances, but are also more complex and expensive than open-loop systems. - Laplace transforms and transfer functions are introduced as mathematical tools for analyzing control systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Introduction to Control

    Systems
    Unit - 1

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Topics to be covered.
    Introduction
    Open-loop control Systems (OL)
    Closed-loop Control Systems (CL)
    Difference between OL and CL
    systems
    Laplace Transform
    Transfer Function
    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Control System?

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    What is a Control System?


    A control system Mechanism that alters the future of a system
    consists of subsystems and processes assembled for the purpose
    of obtaining a desired output, e.g. a radio controlled car is an
    example of a basic control system. Other examples include
    Traffic Lights

    Theme Park Rides


    Train Networks

    Security Lights
    Burglar Alarm

    Lifts

    Microwave
    Robots

    Automatic Doors

    Air Conditioning Systems

    A control theory is a strategy to select appropriate inputs

    Simplified description of a
    control system

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Important Terminologies
    Plant : physical object to be controlled
    System: It is a combination of components that act together and perform a certain objective
    Input: objective, stimulus, independent variable, desired response
    Output: result, response, dependent variable, actual response

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Open loop Systems


    - the output has no effect on the control action
    - the output is not measured
    - the output is not compared back with the reference input
    - It can not compensate for the effect of the disturbance

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Bread Toaster

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Closed loop Systems


    - Also referred to as feedback control
    system
    - Measures the output and compares the
    results from the reference or input. The
    difference between the two, is called
    error causes the actuating signal to
    drives the controller and correct correct
    the difference
    - Compensates the effect of disturbances
    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Open and Closed Loop System

    Unit - 1

    Closed-loop control system

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Comparison of Systems

    Unit - 1

    System Type

    Advantages

    Disadvantages

    Open-loop
    control systems

    1. Simple to
    construct and
    ease of
    maintenance
    2. Less expensive
    than a closedloop system
    3. There is no
    stability problem
    4. Convenient when
    output is hard to
    measure or
    measuring the
    output precisely
    is economically
    not feasible

    1. The system
    response is very
    sensitive to external
    disturbance and
    internal variations
    in system
    parameters.
    2. Recalibration is
    necessary from time
    to time in order to
    maintain the
    required quality of
    the output

    Introduction to control system

    Comparison of Systems

    Unit - 1

    System Type

    Advantages

    Disadvantages

    Closed-loop
    control
    systems

    1. Makes the system


    1. Risk of
    response relatively
    instability
    insensitive to
    2. Complex
    external disturbances
    analysis.
    and internal
    3. Expensive
    variations in the
    implementation
    systems parameters
    2. Possible to use
    relatively
    inexpensive
    components.
    3. Better control of the
    transient and steadystate response.
    4. Increase accuracy
    5. Increased ability to
    reproduce output
    Introduction
    to control system
    with varied
    inputs

    Laplace Transform Table for


    Derivatives

    Laplace Transform Table

    Unit - 1

    Introduction to control system

    Example of Laplace Transform


    1. Given the differential equation,
    using Laplace, solve for y(t) if all
    initial conditions are zero (relaxed
    system). u(t) is a unity step function

    Transfer Function
    The transfer function is the ratio
    of the output Laplace Transform
    to the input Laplace Transform
    assuming zero initial conditions.

    Example of Transfer Function


    1. Find the transfer function C(s)/R(s)
    represented by the equation below.
    2. Also find the response c(t) to an input
    r(t)=u(t)

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