Part 4-The Need To Maintain A Good Natural Environment

PART 4- THE NEED TO MAINTAIN A
GOOD NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Human needs
Some global scenario
Quality living
The world today sustainability of water
(31
March 2014 14 April 2014)
Global challenges..
Population pressure
Human
population has increased at an

almost exponential rate.
With this growth comes an increase in
demand for land, food, water, energy
and other resources.
As human numbers grow species and
their habitat diminish.
Technology: Help or helpless in

population grows?
Are we safe?
Earth provides enough to satisfy every
man's need, but not every man's greed.
Mahatma Ghandi
Unfortunately..
Technology
conceived under this worldview
has led to:

climate instability,
the destruction of vast quantities of ocean life,
toxic releases into our environment and
accompanying cancer epidemics,
persistent loss of soil fertility in industrial farming,
loss of the biodiversity that underlies the resilience
of natural systems.
Some global scenarios

Climate instability
The melting of blue polar ice that are millions of years old

Climate instability
Pasterze Glacier, Austria

(1875 vs 2004)
Portage Glacier, Alaska

(1950 vs 2002)

Climate instability

Destruction of marine life
Conoco China oil spill

resulting in marine
pollution legislation
attention, 2011
The discharge of sewage and contaminated
water in rivers and water bodies in Pakistan,
2011
Are we?

Toxic spills
Marine Life At Risk From Radiation In Japan
Quality of living- Group discussion &

presentation
Around
the world, a central question

bears on sustainability, the environment,
and social and financial well-being: How
much is enough? But there is an
important corollary to that question
perhaps even more directly important to
individuals. What does quality of life
mean? And how should we measure it?
Quality living
Quality
of life should not be confused

with the concept of standard of living,
which is based primarily on income.
Instead, standard indicators of the
quality of life include not only wealth and
employment, but also the built
environment, physical and mental
health, education, recreation and leisure
time, and social belonging.
Example of quality of living: Water scenario

Yet,
the irony is that while a large part of the

world with adequate water is abusing and
wasting water, another equally large section
of humanity lives under abject water stress.
Example of quality living

1. Water crisis issues
2
Q
Quantit
y
Qualit
y
Example of quality living

1. Water crisis issues
Quantity
2Q
Too Little
Water
Crisis
Rivers drying out
Parched
lands
Too Much
2
Q
Quality
TOO POLLUTED..
Malaysia water usage

Malaysia
ranks amongst the richest rainfall

countries in the world. Its equatorial climate
produces rainfall all year round with an
average annual rainfall of 3,000 mm.
Theoretically, Malaysians enjoy a per capita
renewable water of more than 20, 000 cubic
metres per year (this may be less due to
pollution), as compared to people in Africa with
per capita renewable water of less than 1,000
cubic metres per year.
Water problem in Malaysia
Still..
Malaysia
still suffer water problems (both

excesses and deficits) is thus a question of
ineffective management.
In a country with seemingly abundant water
resources, rapid development has threatened
our water resources, destroying and polluting
them.
The world today

If
these problems continue we will experience

global climate instability.
Coastal cities will become devastated by rising sea
levels and masses of people will be in displacement
and devastation.
Severe weather will grow in intensity and frequency,
creating areas of flooding and draught.
While dealing with disappearing farm land, mass
famine and disease; natural disasters will add to
economic collapse and perpetuate chaos.
We need a good nature environment

Our
societal structures are quite fragile, and

much of our systems for commerce,
transportation, energy production, and
government can be affected and even
abandoned in the event of global
devastation.
Back to Basics Approach

Recycle
Conserve energy
Dont waste wastes
Plant more trees
Research & Development
Be aware
Example of sustainability approach

in Western Australia
A fully
integrated water cycle system for

a public building in Perth, Western
Australia
Sustainability Objectives
Major focus has been to include a range of leadingedge features & technologies that will:
provide a concrete real-life example of sustainability in action
create an iconic lighthouse library & community centre that

makes the PG Councils sustainability pioneers on a national
scale
This goal has been consistently supported by local

residents as part of community consultations
Josh Byrne & Associates
Use of accredited rating system

Assessment & rating across the full suite of Green Star
categories
Proposed Features & Technologies
Water Efficiency
High
efficiency fixtures,
fittings & appliances
Waterless
Urine
pans
urinals
separating toilet
Project Innovation
The project :
have
its own rainwater supply for 100% of internal potable uses

incorporate onsite separation, treatment & reuse domestic
waste water.
Other key water-related elements include onsite

treatment of stormwater, waterless urinals, urine
diverting toilet pans & high water-efficiency
fixtures/fittings.
Urine Separating Toilet Pans
80% of nitrogen & 50% of

phosphorus in
wastewater come from
urine (~1% of
wastewater)
Generally sterile
Peak phosphorus ~ 50
years?
Rock phosphate
increased by 700% in
price to US$367/t over
2007/08
Wastewater
Source
separation with
treatment & reuse onsite to
irrigate landscape
Diversion
& overflow to
sewer allows safe onsite
reuse in urban areas
Maximise
nutrient capture
& reduce loads discharged
to sewer & ocean outfall
Community Education Opportunities

Create
support, pride &

enthusiasm
Reinforce
the value &

practical benefits of
integrating such options into
their homes & lifestyle
Provide
platform to
influence residents, schools,
educators & other key
groups
Separated Wastewater Collection System

Dr Mayas Supervisors!
Brownwater pumpout
Greywater sedimentation
Greywater pumpout
Biolytix Biogrinder
2 x Biolytix BF6 units
Urine sedimentation
3 x urine storage tanks
What else we can do to contribute a better

environment
Revenue from Carbon Credits enable development of costly environmental projects.
Balanced & sustainable economic development.
New impetus to drive private sector involvement in investing in projects that reduce GHGs emissions.
eg.
GHGs (eg. Methane Gas) avoidance projects (landfill gas projects)
Biofuels (eg. Biodiesel, bioethanol etc.)
Renewable energy projects (from Biomass, biogas, mini-hydro, solar, wind)
Contribution to the socio-economic development / well-being of the society especially in the rural area
eg.
Rural electrification projects (using mini-hydro)
New employment opportunities (plantation of feedstock for bio-ethanol / bio-diesel production)/ New
Industries
Direct impact on the environment of the local community (cleaner air, water and surrounding)
Potential opportunities
Waste to Wealth Projects (Immediate Opportunities)

- Biogas Plant (Methane Capture) from Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME)
- Biogas Plant (Methane Capture) from wastewater of sago starch factories
Greenhouse Gas
Emission Avoidance
- Biomass Power Plant (Empty Fruit Bunch)

- Landfill Gas Project (Methane Gas Avoidance)
Renewable Energy Projects
- Renewable energy grid (Biogas Power Plant & Biomass Power Plant)
- Solar Power / Wind Farm
Grid Replacement
- Run-of-the-river Hydro Power Project

Biofuel Projects
- Biodiesel Plant (from Palm Oil)
- Biodiesel Plant (Jatropha Plants)
- Bio-ethanol Plant (sago starch, cassava, tapioca, palm trunks etc.)
Biofuels
Various types of Anaerobic Tank

Digestors
Selangor, Malaysia
Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Shandong,
China
Zrbig, Germany
Citrus Fruit Wastes

Food Wastes
Dresden, Germany
Animal & Food

Wastes
Magdeburg, Germany
Cattle Wastes
Magdeburg,
Germany
Cattle & Agriculture

Wastes
Landfill Gas Project
Digestion Leppe, Germany
Garraf, Spain
Zambiza, Equador
Methane Gas Avoidance Project Harnessing and flaring of methane gas gathered from municipal sanitary landfill
facts & figures
Minimum requirements : 3,000,000 ton/yr of MSW
Estimated CERs :50,000 CERs/yr
In partnership
with
Constructed wetland
at Dal primary school
Norway
Photos: P.D. Jenssen
Parameter InfluentEffluent
mg/lmg/l
TotalP
2,9 0,2
TotalN 29,0 12,0
COD
129 24
SS
<5
T.coli./100ml
<2
(Jenssen et al. 2005b)
Agricultural use of water and nutrients

from constructed wetlands
Photo: P.D. Jenssen
Greywater treatment student housing Norway

Effluent values
TotalP 0,04mg/l
TotalN 2,2mg/l
BOD
3,9mg/l
Termotolerantcoli<100
Foto:P.Jenssen
We are part of the solution

We
do not inherit the earth from our

ancestors, we owe it to our children.
What have we learned from Pt4.

Knew
human needs as against human
greed
Shared some global scenario about what
is happening to the world
Discussed & understood quality living as
against living standard (eg water)
Learned : manage water for sustainability
Concluded : need to maintain good
environment

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PART 4- THE NEED TO MAINTAIN A

GOOD NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

March 2014 14 April 2014)

population has increased at an

Technology: Help or helpless in

conceived under this worldview

has led to:

Some global scenarios

Some global scenarios

Pasterze Glacier, Austria

Portage Glacier, Alaska

Some global scenarios

Some global scenarios

Conoco China oil spill

Some global scenarios

Marine Life At Risk From Radiation In Japan

Quality of living- Group discussion &

the world, a central question

of life should not be confused

Example of quality of living: Water scenario

the irony is that while a large part of the

Example of quality living

Example of quality living

Rivers drying out

Malaysia water usage

ranks amongst the richest rainfall

Water problem in Malaysia

still suffer water problems (both

The world today

these problems continue we will experience

We need a good nature environment

societal structures are quite fragile, and

Back to Basics Approach

Example of sustainability approach

integrated water cycle system for

provide a concrete real-life example of sustainability in action

create an iconic lighthouse library & community centre that

This goal has been consistently supported by local

Josh Byrne & Associates

Use of accredited rating system

Proposed Features & Technologies

its own rainwater supply for 100% of internal potable uses

Other key water-related elements include onsite

Urine Separating Toilet Pans

80% of nitrogen & 50% of

Community Education Opportunities

support, pride &

the value &

Separated Wastewater Collection System

3 x urine storage tanks

What else we can do to contribute a better

Revenue from Carbon Credits enable development of costly environmental projects.

Balanced & sustainable economic development.

Waste to Wealth Projects (Immediate Opportunities)

- Biomass Power Plant (Empty Fruit Bunch)

- Run-of-the-river Hydro Power Project

Various types of Anaerobic Tank

Palm Oil Mill Effluent