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    LED Class

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    shubham saurabh
    1. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are well-suited for photonic communications requiring data rates of 100-200 Mb/s using multimode fiber with tens of microwatts of power. 2. There are two main types of LED configurations: surface emitters (front emitters) and edge emitters. Edge emitters have a lambertian output in the plane of the junction and are highly directional perpendicular to the p-n junction. 3. LEDs typically use III-V compound semiconductors like GaAs, InGaAsP, and AlGaAs to control the emission wavelength from 800-1600 nm and spectral width from 20-180 nm

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    LED Class

    Uploaded by

    shubham saurabh
    136 views10 pages
    1. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are well-suited for photonic communications requiring data rates of 100-200 Mb/s using multimode fiber with tens of microwatts of power. 2. There are two main types of LED configurations: surface emitters (front emitters) and edge emitters. Edge emitters have a lambertian output in the plane of the junction and are highly directional perpendicular to the p-n junction. 3. LEDs typically use III-V compound semiconductors like GaAs, InGaAsP, and AlGaAs to control the emission wavelength from 800-1600 nm and spectral width from 20-180 nm

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    LED class

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    1. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are well-suited for photonic communications requiring data rates of 100-200 Mb/s using multimode fiber with tens of microwatts of power. 2. There are two main types of LED configurations: surface emitters (front emitters) and edge emitters. Edge emitters have a lambertian output in the plane of the junction and are highly directional perpendicular to the p-n junction. 3. LEDs typically use III-V compound semiconductors like GaAs, InGaAsP, and AlGaAs to control the emission wavelength from 800-1600 nm and spectral width from 20-180 nm

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    136 views10 pages

    LED Class

    Uploaded by

    shubham saurabh
    1. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are well-suited for photonic communications requiring data rates of 100-200 Mb/s using multimode fiber with tens of microwatts of power. 2. There are two main types of LED configurations: surface emitters (front emitters) and edge emitters. Edge emitters have a lambertian output in the plane of the junction and are highly directional perpendicular to the p-n junction. 3. LEDs typically use III-V compound semiconductors like GaAs, InGaAsP, and AlGaAs to control the emission wavelength from 800-1600 nm and spectral width from 20-180 nm

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

    For photonic communications requiring data rate 100-200 Mb/s


    with multimode fiber with tens of microwatts, LEDs are usually
    the best choice.
    LED configurations being used in photonic communications:
    1- Surface Emitters (Front Emitters)
    2- Edge Emitters

    Edge-Emitting LED

    Schematic of an edge-emitting double heterojunction LED. The output beam is


    lambertian in the plane of junction and highly directional perpendicular to pn junction.
    They have high quantum efficiency & fast response.
    Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGrawHill, 2000

    Light Source Material

    Most of the light sources contain III-V ternary & quaternary


    compounds.
    Ga 1 x Al x As by varying x it is possible to control the band-gap
    energy and thereby the emission wavelength over the range of
    800 nm to 900 nm. The spectral width is around 20 to 40 nm.
    In1 x Ga x As y P1 y By changing 0<x<0.47; y is approximately 2.2x,
    the emission wavelength can be controlled over the range of
    920 nm to 1600 nm. The spectral width varies from 70 nm to
    180 nm when the wavelength changes from 1300 nm to 1600
    nm. These materials are lattice matched.

    Spectral width of LED types

    Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGrawHill, 2000

    Rate equations, Quantum Efficiency & Power of


    LEDs

    When there is no external carrier injection, the excess density


    decays exponentially due to electron-hole recombination.

    n(t ) n0 e t /

    n is the excess carrier density,

    n0 : initial injected excess electron density

    : carrier lifetime.

    Bulk recombination rate R:

    dn n

    dt

    Bulk recombination rate (R)=Radiative recombination rate +


    nonradiative recombination rate

    bulk recombination rate ( R 1/ )


    radiative recombination rate ( Rr 1/ r ) nonradiative recombination rate( Rnr 1/ nr )

    With an external supplied current density of J the rate equation for the electron-hole
    recombination is:

    dn(t ) J n
    [4-6]

    dt
    qd
    q : charge of the electron; d : thickness of recombination region
    In equilibrium condition: dn/dt=0

    J
    n
    qd

    [4-7]

    Internal Quantum Efficiency & Optical Power


    nr
    Rr

    int

    Rr Rnr r nr r
    int : internal quantum efficiency in the active region
    Optical power generated internally in the active region in the LED is:

    I
    hcI
    Pint int h int
    q
    q
    Pint : Internal optical power,
    I : Injected current to active region

    External Quantum Eficiency


    ext

    # of photons emitted from LED


    # of LED internally generated photons

    [4-10]

    In order to calculate the external quantum efficiency, we need to


    consider the reflection effects at the surface of the LED. If we
    consider the LED structure as a simple 2D slab waveguide, only
    light falling within a cone defined by critical angle will be emitted
    from an LED.

    ext

    T ( )(2 sin )d

    4 0

    4n1n2
    T ( ) : Fresnel Transmissi on Coefficient T (0)
    (n1 n2 ) 2
    If n2 1 ext

    1
    n1 (n1 1) 2

    Pint
    LED emitted optical powr, P ext Pint
    n1 (n1 1) 2

    Modulation of LED

    The frequency response of an LED depends on:


    1- Doping level in the active region
    2- Injected carrier lifetime in the recombination region, i .
    3- Parasitic capacitance of the LED
    If the drive current of an LED is modulated at a frequency of
    the output optical power of the device will vary as:

    P ( )

    P0

    [4-15]

    1 ( i ) 2

    Electrical current is directly proportional to the optical power,


    thus we can define electrical bandwidth and optical bandwidth,
    separately.

    p()
    I()

    20
    log

    I (0)
    p
    (
    0
    )

    p : electrical power, I : electrical current

    Electrical BW 10log

    [4-16]

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