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    Lecture 8

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    vamsikrishna14
    This document contains notes from a fluid mechanics and heat transfer course taught by Dr. V. Ramsagar in the 2014-15 academic year. It covers basic equations of fluid flow including the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. It also discusses streamlines, stream tubes, mass flow rate, average velocity, momentum balance, and provides example problems calculating mass flow rates and average linear velocities in pipes.

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    Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    vamsikrishna14
    66 views11 pages
    This document contains notes from a fluid mechanics and heat transfer course taught by Dr. V. Ramsagar in the 2014-15 academic year. It covers basic equations of fluid flow including the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. It also discusses streamlines, stream tubes, mass flow rate, average velocity, momentum balance, and provides example problems calculating mass flow rates and average linear velocities in pipes.

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    This document contains notes from a fluid mechanics and heat transfer course taught by Dr. V. Ramsagar in the 2014-15 academic year. It covers basic equations of fluid flow including the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. It also discusses streamlines, stream tubes, mass flow rate, average velocity, momentum balance, and provides example problems calculating mass flow rates and average linear velocities in pipes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views11 pages

    Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    vamsikrishna14
    This document contains notes from a fluid mechanics and heat transfer course taught by Dr. V. Ramsagar in the 2014-15 academic year. It covers basic equations of fluid flow including the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. It also discusses streamlines, stream tubes, mass flow rate, average velocity, momentum balance, and provides example problems calculating mass flow rates and average linear velocities in pipes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Department of Chemical Engineering

    National Institute of Technology, Warangal


    ________________________________________________________

    Academic Year

    : 2014-15, I Semester, II Biotech

    Course

    : CH235 Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer

    Instructor

    : Dr. V. Ramsagar

    Basic Equations of Fluid Flow


    Differential equations and shell balances
    Mass Balance in a Flowing Fluid: Continuty

    Rate of mass in - Rate of mass out = Rate of mass accumulation

    Cont density and Steady state

    Continuity Eq in cylindrical coordinate system:

    Continuity Eq in Spherical coordinate system:

    One dimensional flow:


    MASS BALANCE. In steady flow the mass balance is particularly
    simple. The rate of mass entering the flow system equals that
    leaving, as mass can be neither accumulated nor depleted within
    a flow system under steady conditions.
    Streamlines and stream tubes. Discussions of fluid-flow
    phenomena are facilitated by visualizing, in the stream of fluid,
    fluid paths called streamlines.
    A streamline is an imaginary curve in a mass of flowing fluid so
    drawn that at every point on the curve the net-velocity vector u is
    tangent to the streamline.
    No net flow takes place across such a line. In turbulent flow
    eddies do cross and recross the streamline.

    Solid blue lines and broken grey


    lines represent the streamlines.
    The red arrows show the
    direction and magnitude of the
    flow velocity. These arrows are
    tangential to the streamline.
    The group of streamlines
    enclose the green curves
    (C1and C2) to form a stream
    surface.

    Stream Tube: A stream tube, or stream filamelIt, is a tube of small or


    large cross section and of any convenient cross-sectional shape that
    is entirely bounded by streamlines. A stream tube can be visualized
    as an imaginary pipe in the mass of flowing fluid through the walls of
    which no net flow is occurring.

    Eq of continuity

    If the fluid is being heated or cooled, the density of the fluid also
    varies from point to point in a single cross section. In this text
    density variations in a single cross section of a stream tube are
    neglected, and both Po and Pb are independent of location within
    the cross section.
    The mass flow rate through a differential area in the cross section of a stream tube is

    The average velocity Vbar of the entire stream flowing through cross-sectional area S
    is defined by

    Mass veleocity

    Crude oil specific gravity at 60 F is 0.887, flows through


    the piping shown in Fig. Pipe A cross sectional area
    0.0233 ft2, pipe B cross sectional area 0.0513 ft2, Pipe C
    cross sectional area 0.01414 ft2. An equal quantity of
    liquid flows through each of the pipes C. The flow through
    the pipe A is 6.65 m3/h.
    Calculate a) the mass flow rate in each pipe, b) the avg
    linear vel in each pipe
    c) the mass velocity in each pipe

    For the following situation of steady flow, determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent:
    Water at 10C flowing at an avg velocity of 2 m/s in a 100 mm pipe.

    Estimate the transition length at the entrance to a 15-mm tube through which
    100 percent glycerol at 60'C is flowing at a velocity of 0.3 m/s. The density of glycerol
    is 1240 kg/m3.

    MACROSCOPIC MOMENTUM BALANCE. A momentum


    balance, similar to the overall mass balance, can be written for
    the control volume, assuming that flow is steady and
    unidirectional in the x direction.
    The sum of all forces acting on the fluid in the x direction, by the
    momentum principle, equals the increase in the time rate of
    momentum of the flowing fluid.
    The sum of forces acting in the x direction equals the difference
    between the momentum leaving with the fluid per unit time and
    that brought in per unit time by the fluid,

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