Tube Pitch HE

DESIGN OF SHELL
AND TUBE HEAT

EXCHANGER
Bahan Perkuliahan
Perpindahan Panas

Dr. H.M. Djoni BUSTAN
TEMA
standard designation system for
shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
(From Saunders, 1988, with permission.)
Type B-E-M
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (TEMA)
Single-tube-pass baffled single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat
exchanger designed to give essentially counterflow conditions.
The toroidal expansion joint in the center of the shell accommodates
differential thermal expansion between the tubes and the shell.
U-tube single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Type U-Tube
Two-pass baffled single-pass-shell
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
Type A-E-T
Heat exchanger similar to that of( c) except for the floating
head used to accommodate differential thermal expansion
between the tubes and the shell.
Type B-E-W
Heat exchanger that is similar to the heat exchanger in (d)
but with a different type of floating head.
Type B-E-S
Single-tube-pass baffled single-pass-shell shell-and-tube heat
exchanger with a packed joint floating head and double header sheets
to assure that no fluid leaks from one fluid circuit into the other.
Type C-E-M
Shell Picture
Shell Picture
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Picture
Tube Picture
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
THERMAL DESIGN FEATURES
Size
Outside Diameter
mm in
Small 15.875 to 25.4 to 1
Medium 25.4 to 50.8 1 to 2
Large 50.8 to 76.2 2 to 3
Most widely used 19.05 25.4 1
8
5
Tube outside diameter mm 15.88 19.05 25.40 31.75
in 1 1
Tube Thickness Carbon and low-alloy steels
mm 1.65 2.11 2.77 3.40
in 0.065 0.083 0.109 0.134
b.w.g. 16 14 12 10
Stainless steels, aluminium, copper
and nickel alloys
mm 1.24 1.65 2.11 2.77
in 0.049 0.065 0.083 0.109
b.w.g. 18 16 14 12
Minimum tube
pitch
Clean service (30
0
or 60
0
)
mm 19.84 23.81 31.75 39.69
in 1 1
Fouling service (45
0
and 90
0
)
mm 22.22 25.40 31.75 39.69
in 1 1 1
8
5
4
3
32
25
16
15
16
9
8
7
16
9
TYPICAL DIAMETERS, THICKNESS AND PITCH ARRANGEMENT OF TUBES
TUBE LENGTH
The maximum tube length for removable bundle exchangers
may be restricted to about 9 m, with a maximum bundle
weight of about 200 tons.
The maximum tube length for fixed tubesheet exchangers
is less important but may be limited to about 15 m.
Tube Length
mm ft
The sizes which are often regarded as
standard for both straight and Utubes
2438 8
3658 12
4877 16
6096 20
7315 24
Pitch pattern Pitch angle
Nature of
shell-side fluid Flow regime
triangular 30
0
clean all
rotated triangular 60
0
clean
Nowadays, never used
30
0
best

square 90
0
fouling turbulent
rotated square 45
0
fouling laminar
Fewer costly alloy or clad components are needed if the corrosive fluid is
inside the tubes.
Fluid Properties, Fluid Allocation
Data sifat-sifat fisika fluida harus seakurat mungkin, tetapi karena umumnya sifat
fisika campuran harus dihitung atau di-estimasi, tidak ada nilai pasti dalam
menentukan true film temperature.
Corrosion
This can be minimized by placing the fouling fluid in the tubes to allow
better velocity control; increased velocities tend to reduce fouling
Fouling
For high-temperature services requiring expensive alloy materials, fewer
alloy materials, fewer alloy components are needed when the hot fluid is
placed on the tubeside.
Temperature
Placing a high-pressure stream in the tubes will require fewer (more
costly) high-pressure components.
Pressure
For the same pressure drop, higher heat-transfer coefficients are
obtained on the tube-side.
Fluid Properties, Location
Pressure Drop
Higher heat-transfer rates are generally obtained by placing a viscous
fluid on the shellside.
Viscosity
Generally, the toxic fluid should be placed on the tubeside, using a double
tubesheet to minimize the possibility of leakage.
Toxic and Lethal Fluids
Placing the fluid with the lower flowrate on the shellside usually results in
a more economical design.
Flowrate
TUBE PITCH ARRANGEMENTS
Pitch
30
0
TRIANGULAR (30
0
)
Pitch
60
0
ROTATED TRIANGULAR (60
0
)
Pitch
SQUARE (90
0
)
ROTATED SQUARE (60
0
)
Pitch
45
0
TYPICAL TUBE PASS LAYOUTS
Number of
passes
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Stationary end Rear end Stationary end Stationary end Rear end Rear end
2
4
2
1 1
2
Full lines indicate gasket pattern at stationary and rear ends.
Indicates plane of U bends
Indicates acceptable arrangement for longitudinal baffle
(F-, G- and H- type shells)
2
1
2
1
3
4
3
4
2 1
3 4
2 1
3 4
2
1
3
4
2
1
4
3
6
2
1
3
4
2 1
3 4
2 1
4 3
2
1
3
4
5
6
1
6
3
4
2
5
5 6
5 6
5
6
2
1
3
4
5
6
TYPICAL TUBE PASS LAYOUTS
Number of
passes
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Stationary end Rear end Stationary end Stationary end Rear end Rear end
8
2 1
5 6
2 1
3 4 2
1
10
1
1
3
4
7
8
2
5
6
1
2
5
6
8
3
4
7
3 4
7 8
5 6
7 8
3 4
7 6 5
8
2
1
3 4
7 6
5
8
10
2 3
5 4
6 7
8 9
1
5
2
10
4
3
8
7
9
6
1
5
2
10
4 3
8 7
9
6
2
3
7
6
10
1
4
8
5
9
1
4
6
5
9
2 3
7 8
10
1
4
6
5
9
2 3
7 8
10
CROSSBAFFLE ARRANGEMENTS
Single
segmental
w
w
1
2
1
1
2
2
Double
segmental
1 2
1
1
2
2
w
w
w
Floating-head
support plates
(w denotes baffle window)
CROSSBAFFLE ARRANGEMENTS
Triple
segmental
1 2
No-tubes-
in-window
(NTIW)
1 2 w
1
3
1
2
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
3
int
2 2
w w
w int
int = intermediate suport
(w denotes baffle window)
BAFFLE EDGE ORIENTATION
Service Baffle edge Notes
Single phase clean Either horizontal
more common

Single phase fouling Vertical Prevents dirt settlement
Condensing Vertical Enables condensate to
flow freely
Vaporising Either Horizontal prevents
stratification
Exchanger type More common Permissible but less common
Fixed tubesheet 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 3, 5, 10, 12, 14, etc.
U-tube 2, 4 6, 8
Floating head Lantern ring 1, 2
(1)

Outside packed 2, 4, 6, 8 1, 3, 10, etc.
(2)
Split backing ring & pull
through
1, 2, 4, 6, 8
(3)
10, 12, 14, etc.
Notes:
(1) Tubeside nozzles must be at stationary end for two passes.
(2) Means to accommodate rear-end nozzle movement with odd number of passes.
(3) Bellows or gland required at floating-head end for one pass.
TYPICAL TUBE PASS NUMBERS

Tube Pitch HE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tube Pitch HE

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tube Pitch HE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DESIGN OF SHELL

AND TUBE HEAT

You might also like