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    Introduction of Splanchnology

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    This document provides an overview of splanchnology, which is the study of viscera. It defines the main organ systems studied in splanchnology as the alimentary, respiratory, urinary, and genital systems. Most viscera are located in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. The document then outlines the general structures and functions of viscera, including tubular organs with four layers and parenchymatous organs with fibrous capsules. Finally, it describes the reference lines used to divide the thorax and abdomen into regions.

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    Introduction of Splanchnology

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    api-19916399
    285 views10 pages
    This document provides an overview of splanchnology, which is the study of viscera. It defines the main organ systems studied in splanchnology as the alimentary, respiratory, urinary, and genital systems. Most viscera are located in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. The document then outlines the general structures and functions of viscera, including tubular organs with four layers and parenchymatous organs with fibrous capsules. Finally, it describes the reference lines used to divide the thorax and abdomen into regions.

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    This document provides an overview of splanchnology, which is the study of viscera. It defines the main organ systems studied in splanchnology as the alimentary, respiratory, urinary, and genital systems. Most viscera are located in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. The document then outlines the general structures and functions of viscera, including tubular organs with four layers and parenchymatous organs with fibrous capsules. Finally, it describes the reference lines used to divide the thorax and abdomen into regions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    285 views10 pages

    Introduction of Splanchnology

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    This document provides an overview of splanchnology, which is the study of viscera. It defines the main organ systems studied in splanchnology as the alimentary, respiratory, urinary, and genital systems. Most viscera are located in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. The document then outlines the general structures and functions of viscera, including tubular organs with four layers and parenchymatous organs with fibrous capsules. Finally, it describes the reference lines used to divide the thorax and abdomen into regions.

    Copyright:

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Part II

    Splanchnology
    Chapter 1

    The general Description

    Li yueying
    Department of anatomy
    Medical school of xi’an jiaotong university
    I. The definition and subdivisions of the splanchnology :
    alimentary system
    respiratory system
    urinary system
    genital system
    • The study of viscera.
    • Most of them are situated in the thoracic, abdominal and
    pelvic cavities and are associated with the pleura or
    peritoneum.
    • It also opened to outside of body directly or indirectly.
    II . The main functions of viscera:
    • The alimentary system: to ingest foods, secrete enzymes
    that modify the sizes of food molecules, absorb the products
    of this digestive action and to eliminate the unused residues.
    • The respiratory system: to carry out the gas exchanges
    --- supply oxygen for the living cells and remove carbon
    dioxide resulting from cell metabolism.
    • The urinary system: to keep the body in homeostasis by
    removing and restoring selected amount of water and solutes.
    It also excretes selected amount of various wastes.
    • The genital system: to produce germ cells and to secrete
    some hormones.
    III . The general structures of viscera:
    1. The tubular organs: The wall of them is formed by 4
    layers. from inside to outside, they are:
    • Mucosa (mucous membrane)
    --- epithelium
    --- lamina propria of mucosa
    --- muscular layer of mucosa
    --- mucous folds
    --- lymphoid nodule
    --- glands of mucosa
    • Submucosa
    --- glands of submucosa
    --- lymphatic tissue of submucosa
    • Muscular coats
    --- inner circular layer
    --- outer longitudinal layer
    • Serosa or adventitia
    2. The parenchymatous organs:
    --- a soft, grayish-red or brownish mass.
    --- fibrous capsule or serous membrane
    --- fibrous septum and lobules
    --- hilum or porta and root of the viscus
    IV. The reference lines and abdominal regions
    1. References lines of the thorax:
    • Anterior median line
    • Sternal line
    • Midclavicular line
    • Parasternal line
    • Anterior axillary line
    • Midaxillary line
    • Posterior axillary line
    • Scapular line
    • Para vertebral line
    • Posterior median line
    2. Reference lines of abdomen and abdominal regions:
    • 2 transverse lines :
    subcostal line
    transtubercular line
    • 2 longitudinal lines:
    midinguinal lines
    • 9 regions:
    right and left hypochondriac regions
    right and left lumbar （ lateral ） regions
    right and left inguinal (iliac) regions
    epigastric region
    umbilical region
    hypogastric (pubic) region
    2. Reference lines of abdomen and abdominal regions:
    • a transverse line through the umbilicus and a vertical line
    in the midline of the body.
    • 4 regions:
    upper right ( RUQ )
    upper left ( LUQ )
    lower right ( RLQ )
    lower left ( LLQ )

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