Project Management - Intro

Project Management - Introduction
What is a project
A project is a temporary endeavor

undertaken to create a unique product or
service
– Temporary: having definite beginning and the

ending
– Unique: product or service is different than others
2
Characteristics of a Project
 Performed by people
 Constrained by limited resources
 Planned
 Executed
 Controlled
3
Projects …
 Undertaken at all levels of the Organization
 Involve a single person or many
 Duration ranges from few weeks to more

than 5 years
 May involve a single unit of Organization or

may cross Organizational boundaries
4
Project Management
 Itis the application of knowledge, skills, tools

and techniques to the project activities in
order to meet project requirements –
balancing the following
– Scope, time, cost, risk and quality
– Stakeholders’ expectations
– Requirements (needs) v/s unidentified
requirements (expectations)
5
Project Management
 ProjectManagement is accomplished
through the use of processes
– Initiation
– Planning
– Executing
– Monitoring and controlling
– Closing
 The Project Management processes in
general are iteratively performed throughout
the project
6
Related Endeavors
 Program – It is a group of projects managed

in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not
available from managing them individually
 Subprojects – Projects are frequently divided

into more manageable components, called
as subprojects
7
Key aspects of Project Management
 Project phases and the Project Life Cycle
 Project Stakeholders
 Organizational Influences
 Key General Management Skills
 Social – Economic – Environmental

Influences
8
Project phases and the Project Life
Cycles
 Projects are generally divided into smaller

manageable pieces, to improve management
control and provide links to the ongoing
operations are called as Project phases
9
Characteristics of Project phases
 Each project phase is marked by one or

more deliverables
 Conclusion of a project phase is marked by a

review of both key deliverables and the
project performance, to
– Determine if the project should continue in the
next phase
– Detect and correct errors, cost effectively
10
Project Life Cycle
 ProjectLife Cycle serves to define the

beginning and the end of a project
 It includes
– What technical work should be done in each
phase
– Who should be involved in each phase
11
Common Characteristics
 Cost and staffing levels are low at the start,

higher towards the middle and drops rapidly
as the project comes to an end
 Probability of successful completion of the
project is lowest and hence risks and
uncertainties are highest at the start of the
project
 Stakeholders influence is highest at the start
of the project
12
Representative Project Life Cycle
 Defense acquisition
 Construction
 Pharmaceuticals
 Software Development
13
Defense Acquisition
 Concept and Technology Development
 System Development and demonstrations
 Production and Deployment
 Support
14
Construction
 Feasibility
 Planning and design
 Construction
 Turnover and startup
15
Pharmaceuticals
 Discovery and screening
 Preclinical development
 Registration(s)
 Postsubmission activity
16
Software Development
 Requirements Understanding
 Analysis
 Design
 Coding and Unit Testing
 Testing
 Implementation
 Maintenance
17
Project Stakeholders
 Project Manager
 Customer
 Performing Organization
 Project Team Members
 Sponsor
18
Key General Management Skills
 Provide
foundation for building project
management skills
 These skills are as follows

– Leading
– Communicating
– Negotiating
– Problem Solving
– Influencing the Organization
19
Leading
 Leadership involves
– Establishing direction
– Aligning people
– Motivating and Inspiring people
 Leadership is not limited to Project Manager
 It is demonstrated at all levels of the project
as
– Project leadership
– Technical leadership
– Team leadership
20
Communicating
 Exchange of information
 Sender is responsible for making the information
– Clear
– Unambiguous
– Complete
 Dimensions of communication
– Written or oral, listening or speaking
– Internal (within the project) or external (to customer)
– Formal or informal
– Vertical (top to bottom) or horizontal (with peers)
21
Negotiating
 Itinvolves conferring with others to come to

terms with them or reach an agreement
 Negotiations occur
– around many issues
– At many times
– At many levels of the project
 Different types of negotiations
– Scope, cost and schedule related
– Contractual terms
– Assignments
– Resources
22
Problem Solving
 Itinvolves a combination of problem

definition and decision making
 Problem definition requires distinguishing

between causes and symptoms
 Decision making includes analyzing the

problem to identify viable solutions and then
making a choice from among them
23
Influencing the Organization
 It involves the ability to “get the things done”

 It requires understanding of both the formal
as well as informal structures of all the
organizations
involvedhttp://www.aptitudetest.in/aindex.htm
24
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Project Management - Introduction

A project is a temporary endeavor

– Temporary: having definite beginning and the

– Unique: product or service is different than others

 Constrained by limited resources

 Undertaken at all levels of the Organization

 Involve a single person or many

 Duration ranges from few weeks to more

 May involve a single unit of Organization or

 Itis the application of knowledge, skills, tools

 Program – It is a group of projects managed

 Subprojects – Projects are frequently divided

 Project phases and the Project Life Cycle

 Key General Management Skills

 Social – Economic – Environmental

 Projects are generally divided into smaller

 Each project phase is marked by one or

 Conclusion of a project phase is marked by a

 ProjectLife Cycle serves to define the

 Cost and staffing levels are low at the start,

 Concept and Technology Development

 System Development and demonstrations

 Production and Deployment

 Planning and design

 Turnover and startup

 Discovery and screening

 Project Team Members

 These skills are as follows

 Itinvolves conferring with others to come to

 Itinvolves a combination of problem

 Problem definition requires distinguishing

 Decision making includes analyzing the

 It involves the ability to “get the things done”

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