Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1K views

    Reading Theories - PP

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Ragay Jr
    This document discusses four major theories of reading: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and transactionalism. Behaviorism views reading as a bottom-up process from individual letters and sounds to meaning, while cognitivism sees it as an interactive process influenced by both print and the reader's prior knowledge. Constructivism represents reading as a process where the reader constructs meaning using multiple language cues. Transactionalism views reading as a transaction between the text and reader that changes both. These theories have led to different approaches to reading instruction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reading Theories - PP

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Ragay Jr
    1K views16 pages
    This document discusses four major theories of reading: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and transactionalism. Behaviorism views reading as a bottom-up process from individual letters and sounds to meaning, while cognitivism sees it as an interactive process influenced by both print and the reader's prior knowledge. Constructivism represents reading as a process where the reader constructs meaning using multiple language cues. Transactionalism views reading as a transaction between the text and reader that changes both. These theories have led to different approaches to reading instruction.

    Original Description:

    Theories of Reading and the Reading Process

    Original Title

    Reading Theories - Pp

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses four major theories of reading: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and transactionalism. Behaviorism views reading as a bottom-up process from individual letters and sounds to meaning, while cognitivism sees it as an interactive process influenced by both print and the reader's prior knowledge. Constructivism represents reading as a process where the reader constructs meaning using multiple language cues. Transactionalism views reading as a transaction between the text and reader that changes both. These theories have led to different approaches to reading instruction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views16 pages

    Reading Theories - PP

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Ragay Jr
    This document discusses four major theories of reading: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and transactionalism. Behaviorism views reading as a bottom-up process from individual letters and sounds to meaning, while cognitivism sees it as an interactive process influenced by both print and the reader's prior knowledge. Constructivism represents reading as a process where the reader constructs meaning using multiple language cues. Transactionalism views reading as a transaction between the text and reader that changes both. These theories have led to different approaches to reading instruction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    1

    Reading Theories and Their Relationship to


    Reading Instruction
    Major Theories
    Behaviorism
    Cognitivism
    Constructivism
    Transactionalism
    These theories have neither been proven nor unproven.
    They are simply alternative ways of explaining the process
    of learning to read.
    These theories have led teachers to a variety of beliefs about
    instructional choices to help children develop successful
    reading strategies.

    2
    Behaviorism and a Parts-to-Whole,
    Bottom-Up Reading Process
    Behaviorism learning was essentially a
    conditioned response to a stimulus.
    In reading the stimulus for reading is the print
    on the page.
    Bottom-up progressing from the parts of
    language (letters) to the whole (meaning).
    Reading theorists for this model include:
    Holmes; Singer; Gough; and LaBerge and Samuels
    3
    Meaning
    Text
    Paragraphs
    Sentences
    Words
    Letters
    Behaviorist or
    Bottom-up model
    Of the reading process
    4





    Sound/symbol relationships
    Words
    Meaning
    Phonics-first or subskills instruction
    Teach phonics first with letters of
    the alphabet and the sounds these
    letters represent before beginning
    to read books independently.
    5
    Cognitivism and the Interactive
    Reading Process
    Cognitive interactive reading theories place equal
    emphasis on the role of a readers schema and the
    importance of the print on the page.
    Word, sentence, and text meaning are conditioned,
    influenced, or shaped by the whole set of
    experiences and knowledge the reader brings to
    reading, rather than the meaning jumping off the
    page into the readers head based on a verbatim
    rendering of text.
    6
    Cognitivism: an Hybrid
    Cognitivism is a combination of
    Gestaltist thinking and
    Behaviorism
    7
    Knowledge
    Experiences
    Emotions
    Readers Intentions
    Meaning
    Gestaltist or top-down
    theory reflected in a
    model of the reading
    process.
    8
    Experiences
    Knowledge
    Emotions
    Readers intentions
    Meaning
    Select
    unit of print
    Sentences
    Words
    Letters
    Paragraphs
    Text
    Cognitive or Interactive
    model of the reading process
    Strengths of both Gestalt and
    behaviorist theories were combined
    while at the same time minimizing
    weaknesses associated with either
    theory.
    9
    Vocabulary
    Decoding Comprehension
    A skills instructional approach to reading is advocated by the
    interactive model of reading
    10
    Constructivism and the Transactional Reading
    Model
    Constructivism is a theory of learning that
    represents the culmination of several distinct lines
    of research:
    Developmental Psychology (Piaget)
    Socio-historical Psychology (Vygotsky)
    Semiotic Interactionism (Bruner, Gardner, Eisner, &
    Goodman)
    Meaningful learning is at the core of
    constructivist theory.
    Language cueing systems syntax, semantics,
    grapho/phonics, pragmatics.
    Reading becomes a whole-to-part-to-whole
    process.
    11
    Syntax and semantics word order
    that determines sentence
    meaning.
    MEANING
    Graphophonics
    Letters and letter sounds
    Social and
    situational
    context and
    stance
    TRANSACTIONAL READING MODEL
    Learner constructs
    a mental version of
    the text by using
    theses cues.
    12
    Views of Literacy
    Learning to read and write begins at
    6.5 years of age.
    Reading develops first, and then
    writing.
    Literacy develops through learning
    isolated skills, such as phonics and
    writing the alphabet.
    Experiences of the child before
    schooling are considered irrelevant.
    Children all pass through a
    predetermined scope and sequence
    of readiness and reading skills and
    their progress should be monitored
    by periodic formal testing.
    Learning to read and write begins very
    early in life.
    Reading and writing develop concurrently
    and interrelatedly in young children.
    Literacy develops from real life situations
    in which reading and writing are used to
    get things done.
    Children learn literacy through active
    engagement.
    Being read to plays a special role in the
    literacy development of the young child.
    Learning to read and write is a
    developmental process. Children pass
    through the stages in a variety of way and
    at different ages.
    Traditional Constructivist
    (Reading Readiness) (Emergent Literacy)
    13
    Focused/ Explicit Language Instruction
    Elements of a Balanced Literacy Program (Holdaway, 1979)
    Reading Aloud
    Shared Reading and Writing
    Guided Reading and Interactive Writing
    Language Experience
    Supported Reading and Writing
    Independent Reading and Writing
    Assessment
    Design Literacy Environments
    Instructional Planning
    14
    Syntax word order
    that determines sentence
    meaning.
    MEANING
    Graphophonics
    Letters and letter sounds
    Pragmatics
    - Social
    and
    situational
    context and
    stance
    TRANSACTIONAL READING MODEL
    Semantics
    comprehension
    / meaning
    Transactional Literacy
    Event
    15
    Transactionalism
    Transactionalism is based on the notion that
    all literacy events are a transaction between
    the sender and the receiver in which both
    are changed by the event.
    The stance taken by each is key to the
    transaction. (Efferent and Aesthetic)
    (Rosenblatt)
    16
    Stance
    Efferent The readers expectation is that
    the reading will be one that informs, gives
    details, and is usually expository.

    Aesthetic The readers expectsation is tht
    the reading will deal with feelings, emotions
    and is usually narrative.

    You might also like