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    Nervous System

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    thwiseman
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. It also discusses the sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system. The brain is divided into four main regions - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord extends from the brain stem and is protected by vertebrae and meninges.

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    Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    thwiseman
    636 views32 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. It also discusses the sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system. The brain is divided into four main regions - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord extends from the brain stem and is protected by vertebrae and meninges.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. It also discusses the sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system. The brain is divided into four main regions - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord extends from the brain stem and is protected by vertebrae and meninges.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    636 views32 pages

    Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    thwiseman
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. It also discusses the sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system. The brain is divided into four main regions - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord extends from the brain stem and is protected by vertebrae and meninges.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Nervous System

    Central vs. Peripheral Nervous


    System
     1. Central Nervous
    System (CNS): brain
    and spinal cord
     
    Central vs. Peripheral Nervous
    System
      2. Peripheral Nervous
    System (PNS): cranial
    nerves, spinal nerves
    and ganglia
     * (Ganglion=group of
    neuron cell bodies
    located outside CNS)
    Sensory division vs. Motor division
     1. Sensory Division: receives information FROM
    body and transmits it TO the CNS for processing
     a) Somatic Sensory component – receives sensory
    information from skin, joints, muscle, special senses
     b) Visceral Sensory component – receives sensory info
    from blood vessels and viscera
     2. Motor Division: transmits info FROM the CNS TO
    muscles and glands
     a. Somatic motor component: innervates skeletal muscle
     b. Autonomic motor (Autonomic Nervous System):
    innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of
    viscera (organs)
    NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
     A. Neurons: respond to
    stimuli and conduct
    nerve impulses
    NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS

     B. Glial Cells: support


    and protect neurons
    (maintenance)
    NEURON COMPOSITION (p 104)

     A. Cell Body:

         B. Nucleus:

         C. Dendrites:
           
         D. Axon:

     E. Synapse:       
    NEURON CLASSIFICATION
     1. Sensory (Afferent) Neuron: brings information TO the CNS
     
       2. Motor (Efferent) Neuron: takes information FROM CNS to other parts of the
    body, cell body located in CNS
     
        3. Interneuron (Association Neurons): helps coordinate and integrate info
    between sensory and motor neurons, cell body located in CNS
    GLIAL CELLS - PNS
     A. Satellite Cells:
    surround neuron cell
    bodies in spinal ganglia
            * (Ganglion=group
    of neuron cell bodies
    located outside CNS)
      B. Schwann cells:
    myelinate axons in PNS
     
    Glial Cells - CNS
     C. Astrocytes: regulate transfer of materials from blood
    to the brain - help the workings of "blood -brain barrier"

     
     D. Oligodendrocytes: myelinate axons in CNS
     
     E. Microglia: phagocytize damaged neurons
     
     F. Ependymal Cells: line central canal and ventricles -
    help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
     
    MYELINATION OF AXONS

     wrapping an axon with myelin


    The Brain
     4 Regions
     Cerebrum
     R & L Hemispheres
     Diencephalon
     Brain Stem
     Cerebellum
    Brain – Cerebrum
     Largest Region
     Gyri (twisters) & Sulcus
    (grooves)
     Fissures (deep
    grooves)
     Longitudinal
    (hemispheres)
     Divide Lobes
    Brain – Cerebrum (lobes)
     Parietal Lobe
     Somatic sensory area
     “homunculus”
    Brain – Cerebrum (lobes)
     Occipital Lobe
     Visual area
    Brain – Cerebrum (lobes)
     Temporal Lobe
     Olfactory
     Deep inside
    Brain – Cerebrum (lobes)
     Frontal Lobe
     Primary Motor Area
     Speech
     Language
    Cerebrum
     Cerebral Gray Matter
    (Cortex)
     superficial
     Cerebral White Matter
     deeper
     Corpus Callosum
     connects hemispheres
    Diencephalon (interbrain)
     Sits atop brain stem
     Enclosed by cerebrum
     Structures
     Thalamus
     Hypothalamus
     Epithalamus
    Diencephalon
     Thalamus
     Relay station from spinal
    cord
     Crude impulse
     Pleasant vs. Unpleasant
    Diencephalon
     Hypothalmus (“under
    the thalmus”)
     ANS (Emotional Visceral
    Brain)
     Body Temp, H2O
    balance, Metabolism
     Appetites (thirst, hunger)
     Pleasure & Pain
    Diencephalon
     Epithalamus
     Pineal body (endocrine
    system)
     Choroid plexus
    (cerebrospinal fluid)
    Brain Stem
     About size of thumb
     Areas
     Midbrain
     Convey impulses
     Pons
     Controls breathing
     Medulla Oblongata
     Heart rate, BP, Swallowing, Vomiting, etc.
    Cerebellum
     Convoluted surface
     Precise timing of
    Skeletal muscles
     Balance
     “Auto-Pilot”
    Protection of Brain
     Meninges
     dura mater (tough
    mother)
     arachnoid mater
     pia mater (gentle mother)
     Cerebrospinal Fluid
     Eliminate waste
     Blood-Brain Barrier
     Least-permeable
    membrane in body
    Spinal Cord
     Aprox. 17 in long
     Continuation of Brain
    Stem
     Ends Below ribs
    Spinal Cord
     Gray Matter
     Posterior Horns (dorsal)
     Anterior Horns (ventral)
     CSF
     Central Canal
     Protection
     Vertebrae
     Dura mater
     Arachnoid
     Pia mater
    Spinal Cord
     Cervical
     Thoracic
     Lumbar
     Sacral
     Coccygeal
    Spinal Cord - Cervical
     8 Cervical Nerves C1-
    C8
     Diaphragm, Shoulders,
    Neck
     Damage may result in:
     Respiratory Paralysis
    Spinal Cord - Thoracic
     T1-T12
     Intercostal
    Spinal Cord - Lumbar
     L1-L5
     Lower abdomen,
    buttocks, anterior &
    medial thigh, hip
    muscles, skin of thigh
     Damage:
     Inability to flex hip
     Loss of cutaneous
    sensation
     Inability to adduct thigh
    Spinal Cord – Sacral & Coccygeal
     S1-S5 + Coccygeal
    Nerve
     Lateral & posterior
    leg/foot, gluteus, lower
    trunk
     Damage:
     Inability to extend hip
     Inability to flex knee

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