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    Operating Systems Chapter-01

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    Felipe Esposito
    The document provides an overview of operating system concepts by discussing what an operating system is, the history of operating systems, different types of operating systems, computer hardware basics, key operating system concepts like processes and files, how system calls work, and common operating system structures. It covers these topics over multiple chapters that include definitions, examples, diagrams, and lists of specific operating systems, hardware components, system calls, and structural models.

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    Operating Systems Chapter-01

    Uploaded by

    Felipe Esposito
    103 views36 pages
    The document provides an overview of operating system concepts by discussing what an operating system is, the history of operating systems, different types of operating systems, computer hardware basics, key operating system concepts like processes and files, how system calls work, and common operating system structures. It covers these topics over multiple chapters that include definitions, examples, diagrams, and lists of specific operating systems, hardware components, system calls, and structural models.

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    The document provides an overview of operating system concepts by discussing what an operating system is, the history of operating systems, different types of operating systems, computer hardware basics, key operating system concepts like processes and files, how system calls work, and common operating system structures. It covers these topics over multiple chapters that include definitions, examples, diagrams, and lists of specific operating systems, hardware components, system calls, and structural models.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    103 views36 pages

    Operating Systems Chapter-01

    Uploaded by

    Felipe Esposito
    The document provides an overview of operating system concepts by discussing what an operating system is, the history of operating systems, different types of operating systems, computer hardware basics, key operating system concepts like processes and files, how system calls work, and common operating system structures. It covers these topics over multiple chapters that include definitions, examples, diagrams, and lists of specific operating systems, hardware components, system calls, and structural models.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 36

    Chapter 1 Introduction

    1.1 What is an operating system 1.2 History of operating systems 1.3 The operating system zoo 1.4 Computer hardware review 1.5 Operating system concepts 1.6 System calls 1.7 Operating system structure
    1

    Introduction

    A computer system consists of


    hardware system programs application programs
    2

    What is an Operating System


    It is an extended machine
    Hides the messy details which must be performed Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use

    It is a resource manager
    Each program gets time with the resource Each program gets space on the resource

    History of Operating Systems (1)

    Early batch system


    bring cards to 1401 read cards to tape put tape on 7094 which does computing put tape on 1401 which prints output
    4

    History of Operating Systems (2)


    First generation 1945 - 1955
    vacuum tubes, plug boards

    Second generation 1955 - 1965


    transistors, batch systems

    Third generation 1965 1980


    ICs and multiprogramming

    Fourth generation 1980 present


    personal computers
    5

    History of Operating Systems (3)

    Structure of a typical FMS job 2nd generation


    6

    History of Operating Systems (4)

    Multiprogramming system
    three jobs in memory 3rd generation
    7

    The Operating System Zoo


    Mainframe operating systems Server operating systems Multiprocessor operating systems Personal computer operating systems Real-time operating systems Embedded operating systems Smart card operating systems

    Computer Hardware Review (1)


    Monitor

    Bus

    Components of a simple personal computer


    9

    Computer Hardware Review (2)

    (a) A three-stage pipeline (b) A superscalar CPU


    10

    Computer Hardware Review (3)

    Typical memory hierarchy


    numbers shown are rough approximations
    11

    Computer Hardware Review (4)

    Structure of a disk drive


    12

    Computer Hardware Review (5)

    One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs


    13

    Computer Hardware Review (6)

    (a)

    (b)

    (a) Steps in starting an I/O device and getting interrupt (b) How the CPU is interrupted
    14

    Computer Hardware Review (7)

    Structure of a large Pentium system


    15

    Operating System Concepts (1)

    A process tree
    A created two child processes, B and C B created three child processes, D, E, and F
    16

    Operating System Concepts (2)

    (a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock.


    17

    Operating System Concepts (3)

    File system for a university department


    18

    Operating System Concepts (4)

    Before mounting,
    files on floppy are inaccessible

    After mounting floppy on b,


    files on floppy are part of file hierarchy
    19

    Operating System Concepts (5)

    Two processes connected by a pipe


    20

    Steps in Making a System Call

    There are 11 steps in making the system call


    read (fd, buffer, nbytes)
    21

    Some System Calls For Process Management

    22

    Some System Calls For File Management

    23

    Some System Calls For Directory Management

    24

    Some System Calls For Miscellaneous Tasks

    25

    System Calls (1)


    A stripped down shell:
    while (TRUE) { type_prompt( ); read_command (command, parameters) if (fork() != 0) { /* Parent code */ waitpid( -1, &status, 0); } else { /* Child code */ execve (command, parameters, 0); } } /* repeat forever */ /* display prompt */ /* input from terminal */ /* fork off child process */ /* wait for child to exit */

    /* execute command */

    26

    System Calls (2)

    Processes have three segments: text, data, stack


    27

    System Calls (3)

    (a) Two directories before linking /usr/jim/memo to ast's directory (b) The same directories after linking
    28

    System Calls (4)

    (a) File system before the mount (b) File system after the mount

    29

    System Calls (5)

    Some Win32 API calls


    30

    Operating System Structure (1)

    Simple structuring model for a monolithic system


    31

    Operating System Structure (2)

    Structure of the THE operating system


    32

    Operating System Structure (3)

    Structure of VM/370 with CMS


    33

    Operating System Structure (4)

    The client-server model


    34

    Operating System Structure (5)

    The client-server model in a distributed system


    35

    Metric Units

    The metric prefixes

    36

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