Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 75 views

    Disinfection & Sterilization: DR: Dina Ramadan

    Uploaded by

    Sudheer Revanth
    1. Disinfection aims to reduce microorganisms while sterilization aims to destroy all microbial life, including spores. 2. Common chemical disinfectants include alcohols, which are effective against bacteria and some viruses but not spores, and chlorine-based compounds which are effective against a broad range of microbes. 3. Sterilization methods include heat sterilization using steam or dry heat, chemical sterilization using gases like ethylene oxide or liquids like glutaraldehyde, and radiation sterilization using gamma rays. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material being sterilized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Disinfection & Sterilization: DR: Dina Ramadan

    Uploaded by

    Sudheer Revanth
    75 views26 pages
    1. Disinfection aims to reduce microorganisms while sterilization aims to destroy all microbial life, including spores. 2. Common chemical disinfectants include alcohols, which are effective against bacteria and some viruses but not spores, and chlorine-based compounds which are effective against a broad range of microbes. 3. Sterilization methods include heat sterilization using steam or dry heat, chemical sterilization using gases like ethylene oxide or liquids like glutaraldehyde, and radiation sterilization using gamma rays. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material being sterilized.

    Original Description:

    disinfection

    Original Title

    disinfectionsterilization-

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Disinfection aims to reduce microorganisms while sterilization aims to destroy all microbial life, including spores. 2. Common chemical disinfectants include alcohols, which are effective against bacteria and some viruses but not spores, and chlorine-based compounds which are effective against a broad range of microbes. 3. Sterilization methods include heat sterilization using steam or dry heat, chemical sterilization using gases like ethylene oxide or liquids like glutaraldehyde, and radiation sterilization using gamma rays. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material being sterilized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    75 views26 pages

    Disinfection & Sterilization: DR: Dina Ramadan

    Uploaded by

    Sudheer Revanth
    1. Disinfection aims to reduce microorganisms while sterilization aims to destroy all microbial life, including spores. 2. Common chemical disinfectants include alcohols, which are effective against bacteria and some viruses but not spores, and chlorine-based compounds which are effective against a broad range of microbes. 3. Sterilization methods include heat sterilization using steam or dry heat, chemical sterilization using gases like ethylene oxide or liquids like glutaraldehyde, and radiation sterilization using gamma rays. Each method has advantages and limitations depending on the material being sterilized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Disinfection & Sterilization

    Dr : Dina Ramadan
    Microbiologist In Central Health Laboratory Ministry of Health Cairo-Egypt Quality Manager

    Definitions
    Disinfection:
    It is a procedure intended to reduce microorganisms as far as possible (but not bacterial spores) by physical and chemical means

    Sterilization:
    the complete removal or destruction of all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores Remember : No absolute assurance that there is 0 microorganism

    Other Definitions
    Disinfection
    The use of a physical or chemical procedure to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects

    Sterilization
    The use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores.

    Chemical Disinfectant

    Alcohols
    There are two water-soluble alcohol can be used in lab: ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Concentration required : 60-90% in water Mode of its action : it denaturing bacterial proteins its Flammable, Can be removed from disinfected articles by flaming.

    Alcohols effect on bacteria


    they are bactericidal against for the vegetative forms of bacteria (Gram + and Gram -); also they are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, and virucidal against enveloped viruses (HIV, influenza ,herpes viruses). not effective against bacterial spores and have limited effectiveness against nonenveloped viruses ( adenovirus, rotavirus)

    Alcohols

    Higher concentrations are less effective as the action of denaturing proteins is inhibited without the presence of water

    Hypochlorite's
    it has broad spectrum antimicrobial effect inexpensive and fast acting, It is recommended for disinfection of counter tops and work surfaces,

    Chlorine

    It is very effective against vegetative bacteria and viruses like HBV and HIV viruses, therefore its use is recommended at 1:10 dilution for disinfection of blood spills

    not

    much useful against spores

    Phenol
    It effective against bacteria (especially gram +ve bacteria) and enveloped viruses. They are not effective against non enveloped viruses and spores. This compounds is used for decontamination of the hospital environment, including laboratory surfaces.

    No Disinfectant is substitute for the following Procedures


    Hand washing (hand hygiene); use of personal protective equipment (PPE )in the lab Environmental cleaning Appropriate handling of waste and Taking care of yourself (e.g. immunization)

    Yet no substitute for washing hands Do not forget to Wash Your Hands
    Immediately

    on arrival at work After handling specimens After removing gloves After using the toilet Before leaving work

    Sterilization
    1.
    2. 3.

    Heat sterilization Chemical sterilization Radiation sterilization

    Heat Sterilization
    It is the simplest, most effective and inexpensive method. Types of heat sterilization :
    a) b)

    Steam sterilization (Autoclaving) Dry heat sterilization

    Mechanism of Action

    DRY HEAT:

    MOIST HEAT:

    1. 2.

    3.

    protein denaturation Oxidative damage Toxic effects of increased levels of electrolytes

    1.

    2.

    3.

    Protein denaturation & coagulation Latent heat liberated when steam condenses on cooler surface Hydrolysis & breakdown of bacterial proteins

    Steam Sterilization (MOIST HEAT )


    Advantages:
    good penetration maintains integrity of liquids (e.g. Lubricants) due to the 100% humidity within the chamber.

    Disadvantages:
    Non stainless steel metal items corrode may damage plastic and rubber items

    Dry-Heat Sterilization

    Heating at atmospheric pressure and often use a fan to obtain uniform temperature by circulation. Heat at 180 for half hour , 170 for 1 hr., or 160 C for 2 hrs.
    Time (minutes)
    120 140 150 160 170 180 480 180 150 120 60 30

    Temperature (C)

    Dry-Heat Sterilization

    Advantages:

    It is effective and safe for metal instruments because the process does not dull instrument edges or rust/corrode the instruments.

    Disadvantages:

    Less reliable than autoclaving

    Many materials do not tolerate dry heat (as media)

    Chemical Sterilization

    The chemical compounds used can be: a) Gas Sterilization b) Liquid Sterilization Generally, chemical sterilization procedures have the disadvantages of presenting health hazards to users (e.g. poisonous, flammable, )

    Gas Sterilization
    The gas used in this procedure is ethylene oxide. Keep objects in constant atmospheric humidity. Heat to temperatures between 30 and 60 C,for a period of 10 hrs. Residual ethylene oxide must be ventilated It is used for sterilizing endoscopes and ansthetic apparatus.

    Liquid Sterilization
    Can be performed with buffered glutaric aldehyde. Procedure:

    Immerse object in liquid for several hours. Rinse with sterile water after end of procedure. It used in hospitals for sterilization of surgical instruments, rubber or plastic equipment which cannot be heat sterilized

    Radiation Sterilization

    Provides effective way of sterilization when using non ionizing radiation in high doses (Gamma radiation ).
    it is clean process dry process the object full exposure from all directions

    Non ionizing radiations


    UV RAYS (ultra violet) are used to sterilize internal Surfaces of safety cabinets, entry ways, Operation theaters etc.

    IR RAYS ( infra red) are used for rapid mass sterilization of pre packed items such as syringes, catheters etc.

    Asepsis
    Sterilization Disinfection

    Heat

    Chemical

    Radiation

    Heat

    Chemical

    Steam

    Gas

    Gamma

    Boiling water

    Phenol

    Dry heat

    Ethylene oxide

    70% Alcohol

    Formalin

    Hexachlorophene

    Liquid

    Heat or chloramines solution

    Glutaric Aldehyde

    In summary
    Sterilization and disinfection are costly and time consuming process However, it is an essential in all health care facilities to avoid infection. It depends the material and users of instrument. Staff should keep in mind that contaminated instrument present risk to the sample as well as the user himself.

    27

    You might also like