VALVE SPRING COMPRESSOR

ALLEN RANCHES

Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of <<<<Insert Dept>>>>>,

College of <<<Insert College>>>>, University of Southern Mindanao,
Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
(Insert major if any)

MONTH YEAR
 INTRODUCTION

Engine valves are one of the most important parts of vehicles engine,

since the valve is the one which controls the entrance of air-fuel mixture and

outlet of burned gases or smoke leaving from the combustion chamber

(Kryger, Kovacik, & Bono, 2016). Any problem that will occur on the said parts

will result into a serious problem to car owners and mechanics. It can affect

the proper function of an engine and the cleanliness of the environment. For

instance, when an intake or exhaust valve becomes damaged and no longer

sealing the combustion chamber we can consider that valve was burned. Due

to that someone can hear a popping sound during a combustion stroke of a

cylinder that has a burnt valve. Since burnt valves are no longer sealing the

combustion chamber, the loss of compression in an engine will occur, and too

much intake of fuel than air or improper air-fuel ratio can result into too much

emission of black smoke to the exhaust pipe that may have a bad effect on

our environment (Manhattan, 2014). To solve this problem replacement of

valve should be applied, and also the use of proper tool that is capable of

compressing the valve spring should be use.

In removing or replacing valves, the valve spring should be

compressed and the collets that keeps and locks the valve in place should be

removed. Today there are a lot of tool that are being use in removing valves.

There’s a tool that is a locking type pliers having a first jaw with an aperture
there through for engaging the stud and a second jaw for engaging the valve

spring, the second jaw having an opening therein sufficient to allow the valve

retainer to pass there through. Thus, that when the tool is installed with the

first jaw positioned with the stud extending through the aperture and the

second jaw positioned over the valve spring, the pliers can be actuated to a

locked position causing the second jaw to compress the spring with the first

jaw reacting the force applied to compress the valve spring. Upon

compression of the spring the valve retainer is freed from the valve spring

retaining cap and can be easily removed (Spence, 1993).The other tool is a

clamp type tool, having an adjustable jaw and a claw that presses the valve

spring to compress. The tool has a lever to generate pressure in compressing

valve spring. As the spring compresses, the jaw positioned below the valve,

prevents the valve from sliding downward. There’s also a tool that uses a

lever, but it has a stand and a platform for the cylinder head. The part that

presses the valve spring is hanged on a lever. It uses rags or anything that

can be inserted under the cylinder head to serve as a blocker for the valve

(Verido, 2018).

These tools that were mentioned are so helpful in removing Valve

Components. But these tools also have problem and disadvantages for

users .For the Plier type tool, it is capable of compressing the valve spring,

and removing of valve collets is easy since it can be locked. But this tool

needs to be operated on the stud side that some engines don’t have. Its jaws
don’t support the valve head from sliding downward during valve compression,

instead you need to use rags as a stopper. For that clamp type tool, it has a

jaw that can prevent the valve head from sliding downward, so removing of

valve collets is effort less. But the only problem on this genuine tool is the long

time consumed in installing that tool in a cylinder head.

Therefore, I invented a valve spring compressor that is more efficient

and user-friendly than the other valve spring compressor on the market and

circulation. This patent can be used by the shop owners and machine

enthusiast in fixing and compressing the springs on the valve for repair and

maintenance.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study will help people to easily fix and repair the spring on the

valves by compressing it.

Specific Objectives

1. To design an engine valve spring compressor that will efficiently

help people in repairing and maintaining the engine. The important

part in the process of making its design is by highlighting the

 difference that this tool has, compared to the other present valve

spring compressor

2. To fabricate the design of the said tool with the use of systematic

method, in order to give portability and safe working environment to

specific users.

3. To evaluate the workability and efficiency of valve spring

compressor.

Significance of the Study

Automotive students

This tool can help the automotive students in removing and replacing Valves,

since compressing the valve spring with the use of the said tool After removing

the valves and other valve Components, the students will have an opportunity

to study these valves.

Automotive teachers and instructors

This tool may serve as an instructional material for the automotive Teachers.

They can use this through demonstrating how to use the tool and Also this tool

can help them in removing valves within the cylinder head to Serve as a visual

presentation in their class.

Mechanics

This tool can help mechanics in troubleshooting an engine that the

Problem is within the valves. Even though they have their own alternatives in

Solving the problem, the tool will be more efficient than those alternatives,

And it ensures that it will be a big help in service.

Expected Outputs of the Study

The following are the expected outputs of this study:

The researcher expects that this project will be useful for any home owners in

cleaning their house. This project will help the owners to become efficient in

cleaning and can make traditional way of cleaning more convenient by using

the mop cleaning device.

Operational Definition of Terms

Valve Spring Compressor. A valve spring compressor will be a "must have"

tool if you are going to do your own cylinder head work or just want to be

able to take heads apart before you take them to the machine shop.
Valve Components is located on a cylinder head, that

They are responsible in controlling the air-fuel mixture. The common valve

Components are Valves, Valve sprig, and Valve collets. In the study that are

The parts that replaced and removed.

Internal Combustion Engine refers to an engine where Valve components and

cylinder head are located.

Replacement is a process of removing and replacing Valve components.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This following are the study’s limitations:

● Depending on the category of the their application, the project will be

only applicable to engines that have springs and valves

● The project will only focus to the advantages of the device in terms of

functionality and efficiency only.

● The valve spring compressor is not fully automatic because it needs a

human to start and end it’s own operation.

Place and time of the Study

The project will be made at Rjf Electronics and Services in Barangay Kilada,

Matalam, North Cotabato whose main function is to make,repair and maintain

machinery and different engines in order to make the functionality of the

project.

The workability of the project will be the houses in the vicinity of the Barangay

Kilada and will start on the second semester of the School year 2023-2024

and ends on the semester of the SY 2024-2025.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Manual Floor Mopping

Diversey Europe Operations B.V. (2015) recently published a study to

demonstrate the importance of floor disinfection in reducing risks associated

with floor hygiene. The Authors of the study suggest that commercial facilities

wanting the best hygiene outcomes and using manual floor mopping as part of

their facility hygiene program should consider the use of biocidal floor products

with either launderable or disposable flat mops and avoid the use of cotton

string mops and neutral cleaners.

Built on Diversey’s prior research into floor hygiene to study the

differences in hygiene outcomes associated with the choice of mopping

materials when manually cleaning, sanitizing or disinfecting a floor; the peer

reviewed Li et. Al study published in the InfectionControl.tips journal

investigated the removal of Staphylococcus aureus from a floor when

inoculated, and how the selection of floor cleaner or disinfectant and the

choice of floor mop impacted the hygiene outcome, which resulted in

statistically significant differences. The study further found that mopping with a

neutral cleaner was inferior to using a biocidal product and using a traditional

string mop was inferior to using launderable or disposable flat mops.

The authors of the study found that the use of launderable and

disposable flat mops significantly reduced the level of bacteria that were cross-
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contaminated when compared to the cotton string mop, regardless of product

used, demonstrating that mopping substrate may also play some role in the

level of cross-contamination that can occur through manual floor mopping.

According to Shipmen (2014), floors are the largest surface routinely

cleaned in commercial facilities, and are typically contaminated with higher

levels of bacteria than surfaces that receive routine hand contact. Studies in

healthcare have shown the potential for bacteria on the floor to migrate to

surfaces where hand contact frequently occurs, suggesting floor hygiene may

play a role in infection risk. When cleaning/disinfecting the floor in a

commercial facility, the facility staff may choose between using a floor cleaning

machine or manual mopping methods. When manually mopping a floor, the

facility staff may choose between traditional cotton string mops or flat mops

with either launderable or disposable pads. Additionally the facility would

select either a cleaner or a cleaner/disinfectant to use with the floor mop.

Mechanized Mops

Hospital floors are underappreciated reservoir for microbes; therefore,

floor cleaning should warrant reduction of microbial load for decreasing risk of

infection transmission and has to be aesthetically acceptable. It was aimed to

study the impact of mechanized laundering of floor mops in reducing microbial

load compared to manual washing (Dorser, 2019).

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An interventional study was conducted from January to July 2019 in

various inpatient areas of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Culture of floor mops were taken after manual washing (pre-intervention) and

mechanized laundering(intervention). During intervention, mops were equally

divided into two piles, with one pile soaked in sodium hypochlorite for 15–

20 min before mechanized laundering and other were put directly for

mechanized laundering. Bacterial load in floor mops was observed in each

group.

Mechanized laundering of floor mops standardizes the mop cleaning

process and brings down the microbial load significantly compared to manual

washing. Disinfection of floor mops before mechanized laundering using

sodium hypochlorite did not have significant impact on reduction of microbial

load.

Floor Cleaning

Floor cleaning should ensure reduction of microbial contamination

levels so to mitigate the potential for environmentally mediated cross infection

and should also ensure that appearance of the floors is aesthetically

acceptable (Sebnar, 2018). It has been empirically observed that cleanliness

level of floor mops determines the effectiveness of floor cleaning. If the floor

mops are not kept adequately cleaned and disinfected, and if the water is not

changed frequently enough in the buckets, the mopping procedure may

spread heavy contamination throughout the hospital. Usually, it has been

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observed that mops are briefly washed out after use in an inadequate

concentration of disinfectant and hung up on a rack to dry. They are used this

way until they fall to pieces and then discarded. These practices are

influenced by the cost involved, lack of standardization of cleaning processes,

knowledge level of healthcare workers etc. Although, manual cleaning can be

qualitatively as good as machine automated disinfection, one has less

oversight over humans, and do not clean at their best all of the time. Manual

cleaning of floor mops also lacks standardization and would be variable

impacted by various factors. Therefore, this study was aimed to bring

standardization in mop cleaning technique by introducing practice of

mechanized laundering of floor mops. Study also examined the impact of

various mop cleaning techniques on the microbial load so as to explore it as

one of the ways to bring down the transmission of healthcare associated

infections (Warter, 2017).

Floor cleaning is an important aspect of hospital infection control

practices and is usually not given the due importance in hospital. There is

sufficient literature indicating the role of adequate floor cleaning in breaking

the transmission of healthcare associated infections. Keeping this fact in mind,

this interventional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of mechanized

laundering of mops used for floor cleaning, in reducing the microbial load on

the floors.

Automatic Cleaning and Mopping Robot

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Based on the study of Tejas (2015), in the present day scenario all the

members of family are busy with their work and are not getting proper time to

clean the house. The cleaning robot helps to clean and mop the floor. This is

done by simply pressing a switch and the robot does the work. This also cuts

down the labor used in factories for cleaning floor. Above being the case,

motivated for the design and development of an automatic cleaning and

mopping robot that does all the cleaning and mopping work with a simple

press of a button. This robot can be controlled manually with the help of a

mobile Bluetooth. The main moto of the project is to make this affordable and

suitable for the Indian users and factories. The development of the robot starts

with the design of a simple and most effective chassis for the robot which is a

very important part as it has to carry all the weight on the robot. The

electronics part where, the type of motor and its specification that should be

used to run the bot, the sensors to be used, the microcontroller, the motor

drivers, the wheels and other electronic components to be used on the robot

are decided. Further, the assembling of the components will be done and

finally testing and calibrating the device. A robot which is capable of efficient

dust cleaning and moping of the floor of a given room is the main aim of the

robot. It is aimed to make the robot economic and feasible for the economic

class society.

The target time of operation of the robot is one hour. The developed

robot will be useful for the household application and industries. This helps to
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keep the workspace and house clean without the physical labor. Also, the

device will clean the room with a single switch of button.

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Project

This study will be conducted inside the Department of Industry and

Technology. The workability and efficiency of the mop cleaning device during

the test is relevant to the accomplishment of the device as floor cleaner.

Research Design

This study, the researcher will use a descriptive type of research to

investigate the functionality and workability of the device along with laboratory

testing towards the performance of the study.

Research Instrument

The researcher will be using direct observations and tabular

evaluations to records the data relevant to time, efficiency,

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functionality/workability and durability of the mop cleaning device. It will also

use different data presentation such as pie graph and line graph for better

interpretation of data. There will be series of test to be observe and each test,

series of data will be recorded to ensure consistency and validity. All of these

test will be conducted on department laboratory.

The tools and equipment used in the construction of the project are the

following:

Tools

1. Ruler

2. Tape measure

3. Speed Square

4. Files

5. Pliers

6. Tongs

7. Mop cloth

8. Spinner

9. Steel cables

Equipment

Safety Equipment

1. Googles

2. Gloves

3. Mask
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4. Welding helmet

5. Welding apron

Welding Equipment

1. Welding Machine

2. Welding cable

3. Welding lead

4. Angle Grinder

5. Electrodes

Recording Tools

1. Papers

2. Pencil/ballpen

3. Laptop

4. Video camera such as Cellphone and digital camera

Steps and Procedure

(Assuming the design of the device was finished and ready to be made)

1. Use all the safety equipment as completely as possible

2. Measure and Cut the steel cable to their appropriate sizes using the

tools required

3. Connect all the parts based on the project design and model using the

welding equipments.

4. Connect the mop soft cloth to the steel pipes to finalize the project.
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5. Check the actual project to the project design and model if there is

missing parts. If there is missing parts, complete it first before the next

step.

6. Finalize the design and test it.

7. Observe the device workability, durability and efficiency.

8. All the data during the test should be recorded using the recording

equipment required for future use and interpretation.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to gain a gather required data for the mop cleaning device ,

researcher will conduct series of test inside the laboratory of Department of

Industry and Technology. The researcher will test the project personally on the

first trial for adjustment and finalization before conducting the second test on

the laboratory inside the Department of Industry and Technology with the

support of some witness or video taking for validity of the final results. After the

final trial, all the data will be recorded on tabular and be subjected for

interpretation and analysis.

Statistical Analysis

The researcher will use descriptive statistics. The data recorded will be

interpreted as table with the following central tendency data such as the mean,
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variance and percentage. These data will have a corresponding remarks on

the scale. The scale and remarks are shown below.

Project Development Process

The design development process of the study is represented in figure 1. The

figure serves as an outline for the mop cleaning device project . The project

will begin with the independent variables consisting of two parts such as the

input and throughput and ends with the dependent variable specifically the

output.

The input involves various concepts and ideas from different studies and

literatures. It also includes the tools, materials and equipment required in the

project as well as the problem involved to it.

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Project Development Process

Design of the Project

For this project the researcher aims to employ Java as a main

programming language to construct the system and CSS for designing the

user interfaces, with Sublime text as the cross platform source code editor for

the development of the project together with XAMPP as the project's

framework.

Database Schema

Figure 2 shows the relationship between entities.

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Fig. 2. Database Schema

System Requirement Specification

Functionality Requirement

1. Register/ Create Account

● Input: read privacy policy, agree to policy, provide information

● Output: the system will process to create the account

2. Log in and out

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● Input: Enter user name and password

● Output: admin and user can access the system and exit the

system

3. The user can view dashboard and start to use the system

● Input: select customize account, register, renew, save, edit,

search

● Output: the system allow the user to add display image, register

or renew their business and search for updates

4. User can attach file

● Input: user can attach file needed by the business permit

management personnel for signing

● Output: admin can view the required file and proceed to accept

the registration

5. The admin can review the records in the system

● Input: admin select the file, view the category of business

registration
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● Output: admin can view the business registration file and prepare

the process

6. The admin able to manage the business status

● Input: admin choose the file, view the status of business, notify

the business owners

● Output: the admin can notify the business owners about the

status of their business registration and update the business

status

Software Requirement Specification

Table 1 depicts the software required by the system to support the

integrity of the system's data and processing.

SPECIFICATION MINIMUM RECOMMENDED

Operating System Windows 7 Windows 10

System Type 64-bit OS 64-bit OS

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Database MySQL MySQL

Programming Language HTML, Java, PHP HTML, Java, PHP

Table 1. Software Requirement Specification

Hardware Requirement Specification

Table 2 shows the hardware requirements for supporting the system

process's seamless flow.

SPECIFICATION MINIMUM RECOMMENDED

Processor Intel Pentium Silver(GHZ) Intel core i5(GHZ)

Hard Disk 250GB 1TB

Processor 2GB RAM 8GB RAM

Internet Internet(mobile data) Internet(Broadband)

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Table 2. Hardware Requirement Specification

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Project Design

User Interface Design

Figure _ shows the front page of the system. This is where the user will

choose to sign up or login his/her account.

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Fig. _. Front Page

Figure _ shows the Registration form of the system. This is where the

user fills up the registration form to create his/her account.

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Fig. _. Registration Form

Figure _ shows the Terms and Conditions form of the system. This is

where the system shows its Terms and Conditions to the user before creating

their account.
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Fig. _.Terms and Conditions Form

Figure _ shows the Login page of the system. This is where the user will login

to his/her account.
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Fig. _. Login Page

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Figure _ (A) shows the User Profile Information of the system. This is

where the user upload recent photo to proceed.

Fig. _.(A) User Profile Information

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Figure _(B) shows the User Profile Information of the system. This is

where the user can verify and edit his/her personal information.
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Fig. _.(B) User Profile Information

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Figure _. shows the business registration form of the system. This is

where the user select his/her type of transaction. And shows the list of

transaction.

Fig. _. Transaction Type

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System/Project Development Approach

Figure 2 depicts the improved waterfall model. The researcher will use

this model as the software development model. The model is divided into six

phases: planning, analysis and design, project development, project design,

coding, testing, and implementation.

Fig. 2. Modified Waterfall Model

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Planning Phase - the project plans are documented, the project deliverables

and requirements are defined, and the project schedule is created.

Analysis and Design Phase - This is an analysis of the situations and

processes of the CCD. It is also a phase that investigates the system's

prepared design and relates to the specific requirements of the planning stage

that are studied by this phase.

Project Development - this is the stage in which the researcher develops the

system using a waterfall diagram.

Project Design - the phase of a project in which the primary features,

structure, success criteria, and major deliverables are planned out.

Coding and Testing Phase - during this phase, the developers or coders

must implement the software design so that the software may be built and

used and tested by the user.

Implementation Phase - this is the phase in which a project is built or

implemented. It also comprises testing, inspection, adjustment, correction, and

certification of facilities and systems to guarantee that the project runs

smoothly.
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System Modeling Language Diagram

Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure _ shows the relationship between the entities. It includes the

names of tables and their relationship with another table in the database.

Fig. _. Entity Relationship Diagram

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