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    Homeostasis, and The Contribution of Digestive System To Homeostasis

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    Novii Novii
    The document discusses how the digestive system contributes to homeostasis in the body. It describes the three main processes of the digestive system - secretion, absorption, and motility. Through these processes, the digestive system breaks down food into monomers that can be absorbed and used by cells as fuel or building blocks. It also removes waste from the body. This helps regulate nutrient and electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid and blood, maintaining homeostasis.

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    Homeostasis, and The Contribution of Digestive System To Homeostasis

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    Novii Novii
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    The document discusses how the digestive system contributes to homeostasis in the body. It describes the three main processes of the digestive system - secretion, absorption, and motility. Through these processes, the digestive system breaks down food into monomers that can be absorbed and used by cells as fuel or building blocks. It also removes waste from the body. This helps regulate nutrient and electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid and blood, maintaining homeostasis.

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    7.13 Lecture Homeostasis Final

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    The document discusses how the digestive system contributes to homeostasis in the body. It describes the three main processes of the digestive system - secretion, absorption, and motility. Through these processes, the digestive system breaks down food into monomers that can be absorbed and used by cells as fuel or building blocks. It also removes waste from the body. This helps regulate nutrient and electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid and blood, maintaining homeostasis.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views29 pages

    Homeostasis, and The Contribution of Digestive System To Homeostasis

    Uploaded by

    Novii Novii
    The document discusses how the digestive system contributes to homeostasis in the body. It describes the three main processes of the digestive system - secretion, absorption, and motility. Through these processes, the digestive system breaks down food into monomers that can be absorbed and used by cells as fuel or building blocks. It also removes waste from the body. This helps regulate nutrient and electrolyte levels in the extracellular fluid and blood, maintaining homeostasis.

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    of 29

    Homeostasis, and the Contribution of Digestive System to Homeostasis

    Andreanyta Meliala, Dr., PhD (Clin Nutr) Dept of Physiology

    physiology

    The science of the functions and phenomena of living things


    about how cells (fundamental unit of all living things) are kept alive and

    about how their environment is maintained so that the integrity of the cells is preserved
    Cells need continuous supplies of matter and energy to maintain their form Metabolism will mainly be the topic of bichemistry Physiology deals with Getting supplies to the cells at suitable rates and Removing waste products

    Level of Organisation

    ECF

    *read: Claude Bernard (1813-1878)


    Every cell is surrounded by fluid (ECF)
    The medium through which all exchanges between cells and external environment occur For normal function the composition of this bathing fluid must be maintained constant The constancy of the ECF is maintained by homeostatic-mechanisms Which monitor and regulate its

    Temperature Osmotic pressure pH Composition

    Homeostatic Mechanisms
    Are triggered by: alteration in some of physiological property or quantity Act to produce a compensating change in the opposite direction

    To return the system as close as possible to the normal situation


    Is called: negative feed back control

    Minimum Requirements
    Receptors
    To detect alterations in particular variables

    Effectors
    the circulatory system carries nutrients and O2 to cells and remove metabolic waste products (CO2);
    alimentary system provide nutrients to the body; respiratory system that carries out exchange of gases with the external environment; renal system allows losses of unwanted solutes and water from body; musculoskeletal system

    Coordinating and integrating mechanisms


    Nervous and Hormonal

    Factors homeostatically regulated


    1. Concentration of nutrient molecule 2. Concentration of O2 and CO2 to carry energy yielding chemical reactions 3. Concentration of waste products anticipating toxic effect 4. pH 5. Concentration of water, salt, other electrolytes

    6. Temperature
    7. Volume and Pressure

    The Interdependency

    The integration between systems of the body

    Homeostasis

    The body ability to maintain internal stability (homeo similar; stasis, status, condition)

    Homeostatic Control Systems


    Intrinsic / Extrinsic Control
    Intrinsic operate locally Extrinsic operate bodywide

    Feedback / Feed Forward


    Feedback - response made after a change Feedforward response made in anticipation of a change Intrinsic: operate on the basis of feedback mechanism Extrinsic: operate on the basis of feedback but also use feedforward mechanism

    Internal Failure
    Abnormal growth of cells
    Cancer, benign tumours Production of antibodies by the body against its own tissues (autoimmune disease) Premature death of cells or the failure of cell processes

    Inherited disorders

    External Causes
    Toxic chemicals Physical trauma Foreign invaders (viruses & bacteria)

    Contribution of Body Systems to Homeostasis

    THE GI SYSTEM
    MOUTH SUBLINGUAL AND SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLANDS

    HORMON HORMON

    FOOD

    BRAIN PAROTID SALIVARY GLAN TRACHEA VOLUNTARY

    INVOLUNTARY LIVER

    GALLBLADDER

    STOMACH PANCREAS

    SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM ANUS Adapted by:


    Dr. Andreanyta Meliala, PhD.

    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    The three fundamental processes that take place are:
    Secretion: Delivery of enzymes, mucus, ions and the like into the lumen, and hormones into blood. Absorption: Transport of water, ions and nutrients from the lumen, across the epithelium and into blood. Motility: Contractions of smooth muscle in the wall of the tube that crush, mix and propel its contents.

    Human Nutritional Needs

    All animals are heterotrophs

    They must obtain energy and nourishment from molecules made by other organisms
    Remember: The Thermodynamic Law Conversion of food energy onto heat, movement, etc

    Food is used for two purposes: 1. as fuel (to provide energy for cellular metabolism) and 2. as a source of building blocks (monomers for cellular biosynthesis)

    Basic nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,minerals, vitamins

    FOOD PROCESSING
    THE PROCESS OF ENERGY CONVERSION INCLUDES: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination

    FROM MACROMOLECULES INTO MONOMERS

    ----- + H2O -----------

    -----OH + H-

    MACROMOLECULES: Carbohydrates polysaccarides maltose lactose sucrose starch Proteins Fats Tryglycerides Phospholipids

    MONOMERS: Monosaccharides 2 glucose glucose + galactose glucose+fructose maltose Amino Acids (AA) peptides

    Monoglycerides + FFA Lysophospholipids + FFA

    Preserve The Oldies


    Genuine and Last Forever avoid pure memory get a deep understanding

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