Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    Citric Acid Cycle 1: C483 Spring 2013

    Uploaded by

    Tazyinul Qoriah Alfauziah
    The citric acid cycle completely oxidizes acetyl groups from pyruvate to carbon dioxide. It produces ATP through the electron transport chain as intermediates like NADH are oxidized, yielding around 30 ATP per glucose molecule. A key early step is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which uses thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, and NAD+ to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in preparation for the citric acid cycle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Citric Acid Cycle 1: C483 Spring 2013

    Uploaded by

    Tazyinul Qoriah Alfauziah
    19 views18 pages
    The citric acid cycle completely oxidizes acetyl groups from pyruvate to carbon dioxide. It produces ATP through the electron transport chain as intermediates like NADH are oxidized, yielding around 30 ATP per glucose molecule. A key early step is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which uses thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, and NAD+ to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in preparation for the citric acid cycle.

    Original Title

    Lecture 21

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The citric acid cycle completely oxidizes acetyl groups from pyruvate to carbon dioxide. It produces ATP through the electron transport chain as intermediates like NADH are oxidized, yielding around 30 ATP per glucose molecule. A key early step is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which uses thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, and NAD+ to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in preparation for the citric acid cycle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views18 pages

    Citric Acid Cycle 1: C483 Spring 2013

    Uploaded by

    Tazyinul Qoriah Alfauziah
    The citric acid cycle completely oxidizes acetyl groups from pyruvate to carbon dioxide. It produces ATP through the electron transport chain as intermediates like NADH are oxidized, yielding around 30 ATP per glucose molecule. A key early step is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which uses thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, and NAD+ to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in preparation for the citric acid cycle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Citric Acid Cycle 1

    C483 Spring 2013

    1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above
    2. The order of prosthetic groups as they act in the three proteins of the PDH(pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex is: A) FAD thiamine pyrophosphate NAD+ B) FAD thiamine pyrophosphate dihydrolipoamide C) thiamine pyrophosphate dihydrolipoamide FAD D) NAD+ FAD dihydrolipoamide 3. Which might you expect to have a higher than normal blood concentration in an individual with thiamine deficiency? A) Isocitrate. B) Pyruvate. C) Oxaloacetate. D) Acetyl CoA.

    4. About how many total ATP equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA? A) 1.5 B) 2.5 C) 3 D) 10 E) 30 5. Which product of the citric acid cycle produces the most ATP equivalents? A) NADH. B) QH2. C) GTP. D) CO2.

    Overview
    Compartmentalization
    Glycolysis: Cytosol Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondria

    Overview
    Glycolysis Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
    Commitment of carbon away from carbohydrates

    Citric acid cycle

    Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

    Three distinct enzymesin a massive complex Five chemical steps What cofactors needed?

    Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (E1)


    TPP cofactor: draw mechanism of decarboxylation

    Dihydrolipoamide Acyltransferase (E2)


    Transfer catalyzed by E1 Mechanism of redox

    Step 3: transfer
    Maintenance of high energy bond Acetyl CoA product is made Lipoamide still reducednot catalytically viable at this point

    Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)


    Redox of prosthetic FAD/FADH2 Still not a regenerated catalyst!

    Step 5: NADH produced


    Prosthetic group is restored Step 1 uses proton, step 5 regenerates Oxidation of one carbon atom used to
    Produce high energy thioester Produce NADH

    Overall Reaction

    Fate of Acetyl CoA


    Citric Acid Cycle (in muscle)energy production (high potential electrons)

    Other tissues use intermediates in many ways


    Amphibolic

    Citric Acid Cycle

    Major points: carbon cycle, reaction types, reaction logic, energy harvest, selected enzyme reactions Minor points: enzyme names, substrate names, order of reactions

    Energy Flow
    Decarboxylation or alcohol oxidation = NADH Double bond formation = QH2 Dehydrogenases High energy bond = substrate phosphorylation

    ATP Harvest: Net equations

    Net ATP Harvest from Glucose


    Glycolysis = 2 ATP
    Plus 3 or 5 ATP from NADH In humans, cytosolic NADH leads to production of 3 ATP

    Pyruvate DH = 5 ATP Citric Acid Cycle = 20 ATP Total: 30 ATP/glucose in humans

    Answers
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A C B D A

    You might also like