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    CV Training Inst

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    xentrer
    Final control elements like control valves and regulators are used to control process variables by regulating flow or pressure according to the controller output. Control valves come in many types and have various internals and components like bodies, trims, bonnets, and actuators. Proper sizing of control valves considers factors like fluid properties, flow rate, pressure drop, and line size to select the correct valve type and size.

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    CV Training Inst

    Uploaded by

    xentrer
    131 views21 pages
    Final control elements like control valves and regulators are used to control process variables by regulating flow or pressure according to the controller output. Control valves come in many types and have various internals and components like bodies, trims, bonnets, and actuators. Proper sizing of control valves considers factors like fluid properties, flow rate, pressure drop, and line size to select the correct valve type and size.

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    Presentation on control Valves

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    Cv Training Inst

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    Final control elements like control valves and regulators are used to control process variables by regulating flow or pressure according to the controller output. Control valves come in many types and have various internals and components like bodies, trims, bonnets, and actuators. Proper sizing of control valves considers factors like fluid properties, flow rate, pressure drop, and line size to select the correct valve type and size.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    131 views21 pages

    CV Training Inst

    Uploaded by

    xentrer
    Final control elements like control valves and regulators are used to control process variables by regulating flow or pressure according to the controller output. Control valves come in many types and have various internals and components like bodies, trims, bonnets, and actuators. Proper sizing of control valves considers factors like fluid properties, flow rate, pressure drop, and line size to select the correct valve type and size.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are about different types of final control elements like control valves, regulators and dampers used in process control and their applications.

    The main types of control valves mentioned are globe, ball, butterfly and plug valves.

    The main parts of a control valve are body, trim or internals, bonnet, actuator and accessories.

    FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS

    Final control elements are generally in-line devices which receive the Controller O/P and accordingly regulate the process flow or pressure to control the input variable.

    Types: Control Valves most common type, available in various types, sizes and materials to cover almost all applications Regulators used only for application where very precise control is not required. Dampers used only in large sized ducts.
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Control Valves
    Numerous types of control valves some of general design , others designed for specific application are available. Some of the General type of Control valves categorized based on their type of construction are * Globe type including Angle, Three way, Y type etc. * Ball type * Butterfly type * Plug type

    Each of the above have features which make them suitable for for one particular application or the other in addition different variants are available in each for specific applications
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Control Valve Construction


    Irrespective of the type the control valve assembly can be divided into the following sub-parts * Body * Trim or Internals * Bonnet * Actuator * Accessories

    Body: Body is defined as the valve housing which is mounted in line and can be with Flanged, welded, screwed or wafer type end connections. Generally for low to moderately high pressure ratings Flanged end connection are used for extremely high pressure ratings welded end connection is used. For low pressure utility services screwed end connection may also be used whereas butterfly valves are generally available in wafer type body which is mounted sandwitched between the piping flanges.

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Trim or Internals
    Valve trim is the heart of any control valve design, it not only characterizes the valve behavior but also defines the no and type of ports, valve capacity, Pressure drop, flow profile, leakage, noise, and other valve parameters. A valve trim comprises of following parts * Plug * stem * Seat * seat ring * Guiding * Bushing
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Bonnet
    Valve bonnet, houses the plug stem and provides rigidity to valve trim and actuator connection and supports actuator housing. Bonnet also houses the various packing, seals etc for stopping stem leakage. Bonnets can be: Extended type for cryogenic services below 0 deg C Finned type for high temperature services Bellow seal type for toxic services
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Actuators
    Actuators provide the force required for valve movement and holding the valve in fully open or fully closed state against the fluid pressure. Types : Based on the medium of operation actuators can be classified in following categories * Pneumatic * hydraulic * Electric Most of the instrumentation application in hydrocarbon industry employ Pneumatic actuators for control applications. Hydraulic actuators are generally used for large size valves operating at very high differential pressure. Electrical actuators are used in Motor operated valves for mainly On/Off service.
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Pneumatic Actuators
    Pneumatic actuators can be Linear type Spring diaphragm , Piston operated- Globe valves Rotary type Cylinder with scotch yoke, Rack and pinion, vane, Dual cylinder operated Ball,Butterfly,Quarter turn valves

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Failure position
    Failure position is defined as the final resting place of valve plug.Accordingly valves can be: FO- Fail open(Air to close) FC- Fail close (Air to open) FL- Fail lock (FLDC,FLDO)

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    NOISE
    Allowable noise limit in a control valve 90 Dba
    Major sources of noise in control valves are: -Hydrodynamic noise -Aerodynamic noise

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Hydrodynamic noise is associated with cavitation and flashing in liquids .


    Aerodynamic noise is due to high velocity of gases and vapors passing through valve orifice.

    Control valve noise treatment includesTreatment of the noise source(revising the valve) Treatment of noise path (providing insulation or silencers)

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Control valve accessories


    Various accessories available for control valves are Air accumulators Air filter regulators Hand wheels I/P converters Limit stops Limit switches Positioner Relays ( Booster, lock-up, reversing etc.) Solenoid valves Stem position transmitters.

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Valve Positioners
    Valve positioners are high gain proportional controllers which measure the actual valve stem position ( through mechanical linkage, compares the same with the pneumatic signal I/P from I/P converter and produce a O/P to reduce this error. Thus a positioner acts as a slave controller under the main process controller which ensures that the variations due to aging factors of the valve and actuator ( change in packing friction due to dirt or lack of lubricant, change in dynamic behavior of valve and actuator, wearing out of linkages etc) are corrected. Positioner also allow for split ranging of control valves, and it is always recommended to use positioner if the control valve is provided with non spring return actuators.
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Control Valve characteristics


    Control valve characteristics are governed by the type of trim used. Various type of trims used are * Linear trim * Quick opening trim. * Equal percentage trim

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    CONTROL VALVE SIZING & SELECTION


    Selection of Control valve type :
    Control Valve selection depends on the following parameters : Type of service Capacity Body rating Pressure drop Operating temperature Leakage rate required.
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    CONTROL VALVE SIZING & SELECTION


    Factors determining control valve size : * * * Fluid type Flow rate Pressure Drop Fluid properties Sp gravity, Viscosity, Critical pressure, Vapor pressure, Molecular weight, etc. Line size and schedule.

    *
    *

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    CONTROL VALVE SIZING & SELECTION


    Control valve sizing consists of determining the valve type & size for the given process condition, checking for valve noise, inlet outlet velocities, cavitation etc. The earlier sizing program had sizing in two steps, step 1 involves calculation of approx. CVs (Valve discharge coefficients). Based on these Cv value the valve port size and corresponding coefficients are selected. This is done because for a given port size The valve capacities are different for different makes of valves.

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    OVERVIEW OF NEW SIZING PROGRAM


    The program is split into three modules:
    Selection of type of control valve Material selection of the valve Sizing of the control valve

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Selection of type of control valve

    This is a preliminary selection.The process data is put into this module of the software which helps in the selection of type of valve.

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Material selection

    We move into the second module of the software where material selection of body, bonnet, seating, packing and trim is done based on data input.

    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    Sizing of control valve


    In this module, sizing is done based on type of fluid.Calculations are done accordingly for each type of fluid.Iteration takes place within the module itself. The selection of the valve is also dependent on the sizing module, in case of conditions where we cannot go for the selected valve because the size of valve or actuator is not suitable practically .
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

    THANK YOU
    INSTRUMENTATION DEPARTMENT

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