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    BEXS100 - Basic Electricity: Unit 4 "The Basic Laws Governing Magnetism and How They Relate To Electricity"

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    This document provides an overview of magnetism and how it relates to electricity. It defines key terms like permeability, reluctance, and saturation. It explains that electrons can behave as tiny magnets in ferromagnetic materials like iron, creating magnetic domains. It also outlines the basic laws of magnetism, such as unlike poles attract and like poles repel. Additionally, it discusses how electromagnets work by generating magnetic fields when current flows through a conductor, and how their strength depends on factors like the number of turns in the coil.

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    BEXS100 - Basic Electricity: Unit 4 "The Basic Laws Governing Magnetism and How They Relate To Electricity"

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    This document provides an overview of magnetism and how it relates to electricity. It defines key terms like permeability, reluctance, and saturation. It explains that electrons can behave as tiny magnets in ferromagnetic materials like iron, creating magnetic domains. It also outlines the basic laws of magnetism, such as unlike poles attract and like poles repel. Additionally, it discusses how electromagnets work by generating magnetic fields when current flows through a conductor, and how their strength depends on factors like the number of turns in the coil.

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    This document provides an overview of magnetism and how it relates to electricity. It defines key terms like permeability, reluctance, and saturation. It explains that electrons can behave as tiny magnets in ferromagnetic materials like iron, creating magnetic domains. It also outlines the basic laws of magnetism, such as unlike poles attract and like poles repel. Additionally, it discusses how electromagnets work by generating magnetic fields when current flows through a conductor, and how their strength depends on factors like the number of turns in the coil.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views22 pages

    BEXS100 - Basic Electricity: Unit 4 "The Basic Laws Governing Magnetism and How They Relate To Electricity"

    Uploaded by

    snehalgaikwad
    This document provides an overview of magnetism and how it relates to electricity. It defines key terms like permeability, reluctance, and saturation. It explains that electrons can behave as tiny magnets in ferromagnetic materials like iron, creating magnetic domains. It also outlines the basic laws of magnetism, such as unlike poles attract and like poles repel. Additionally, it discusses how electromagnets work by generating magnetic fields when current flows through a conductor, and how their strength depends on factors like the number of turns in the coil.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    BEXS100 - Basic Electricity

    Unit 4

    Magnetism:
    the basic laws governing magnetism and how they relate to electricity

    Objectives:
    At the completion of this unit you will be able to:

    Understand the properties of permanent magnets Understand the operation of electromagnets Determine the polarity of an electromagnet Define terms used to describe magnetism and magnetic quantities

    Introduction to Magnetism
    One of the most important phenomena in the study of electricity The force of magnetism has been known for over 2000 years (Greeks) Stones with magnetic qualities (magnetite) were first found in Magnesia in Asia Minor In the Dark Ages magnetism was thought to be caused by evil spirits

    Electromagnetics
    Terms to remember:

    Permeability - a measure of a materials willingness to become magnetized Reluctance - a materials resistance to magnetism Saturation - the point when an increase in current fails to significantly increase the magnetic field Residual Magnetism - the amount of magnetism left once current flow has stopped

    The Earth is a Magnet


    Geographic poles vs. magnetic poles lodestones Angle of declination

    THE FIRST COMPASS

    Permanent Magnets:
    Magnets that do not require any power or force to maintain their field

    One of the basic laws of magnetism states: Energy is required to create a magnetic field, but no energy is required to maintain a magnetic field

    The Electron Theory of Magnetism


    What makes materials such as iron, nickel, or cobalt, a natural magnetic material
    Electron spin theory Electrons become tiny permanent magnets Electrons in most materials spin in opposite directions Once paired they tend to cancel out any magnetic properties

    The Electron Theory of Magnetism


    What makes materials like iron different than most materials: An Atom of iron contains 26 electrons 22 of the electrons are paired and cancel each other out The remaining 4 electrons located in the next to the outermost shell do not become paired and spin in the same direction These 4 electrons account for the magnetic properties of iron

    The Electron Theory of Magnetism


    What makes materials like iron different than most materials: As atoms combine to form molecules They arrange themselves to form a total of 8 valence electrons In most materials the electrons cancel each other out In materials such as iron, the magnetic fields add rather than cancel This additive effect forms regions in the molecular structure of the metal called: Magnetic Domains or Magnetic Molecules

    Magnetic Domains/Molecules

    Magnetic Materials
    The three basic classifications:

    Ferromagnetic - metals that are easily


    magnetized; iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese

    Paramagnetic - metals that can be magnetized but


    not as easily as ferromagnetic; platinum,titanium,and chromium

    Diamagnetic - metal or non-metallic materials that


    cannot be magnetized; copper,brass, and antimony
    Note: Alloys often make the best permanent magnet materials. Combinations of such metals as aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, and iron (Alnico 5) are commonly used in the production of permanent

    Magnetic Lines of Force


    Magnetic lines of force are called flux Magnetic lines of flux repel each other & never cross Lines of flux do not flow but it is assumed that they run North to South

    One of the basic laws of magnetism: Unlike poles attract - Like poles repel

    Electromagnetics
    A basic law of physics: Whenever an electric current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is formed around the conductor Electromagnets depend on electrical current flow They do not retain their magnetic field once current flow stops

    Electromagnetics
    Factors that effect electromagnetic fields: Winding the conductor into a coil increases the strength of the magnetic field A coil with 10 turns of wire will increase the magnetic field around the conductor by 10 The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the conductor
    Ampere-Turns

    is determined by multiplying the number of turns of wire by the current flow

    Electromagnetics
    Core Materials: magnetic/non-magnetic materials around which the conductor is coiled Two Types:

    Air core electromagnets


    >Core is made of Non-magnetic material

    Iron core electromagnets


    >Made of magnetic materials
    >Greatly increases strength of the magnetic field by increasing the number of flux lines

    Magnetic Measurement
    The 3 different systems used to measure the strength of a magnetic field: The English System - flux density

    The CGS System - centimeter-gram-second


    The MKS System - meter-kilogram-second

    Magnetic Polarity
    Determining the Polarity of an Electromagnet

    The Left-Hand Rule

    Demagnetizing
    Disarranging molecules in a magnetic material

    Magnetic Devices
    Electromagnets Measuring instruments Inductors Transformers Motors Generators;Alternators
    A Speaker uses both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet

    Summary
    Energy is required to create a magnetic field, but no energy is required to maintain a magnetic field Unlike poles attract, like poles repel Whenever current flows through a conductor a magnetic field is formed around the conductor The direction of current flow through a conductor determines the polarity of the magnetic field

    Elizabethtown Technical College


    Basic Electricity BEXS100/101 Text: Delmars Standard Textbook of Electricity Unit 4 - Magnetism

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