Conditional Statements: Prepared By: Ms. Rose Anne B. Camacho

Conditional Statements
Prepared by: Ms. Rose Anne B. Camacho
A conditional statement or an if-then statement is composed of two clauses: 1. The if-clause (hypothesis) - denoted by p 2. The then-clause (conclusion) - denoted by q If p, then q In symbols, p q
EXAMPLE: If two angles are supplementary, then
the sum of their measures is 180

A conditional statement may be true or false. A conditional is false when the conclusion is false but the hypothesis is true. Example: If it is a weekend day, then it is a Sunday
true
q false
The conditional statement is FALSE
To show that a conditional statement is false, you only need to find one example (called a counterexample) in which the hypothesis is satisfied and the conclusion is not satisfied.
Write the following statements in ifthen form. 1. Collinear points lie on the same line. - If points are collinear, then they lie on the same line. 2. Two planes intersect in a line. - If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line.
EXERCISES:
Write the following statements in If-then form. a. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent. b. Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other c. Diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular. d. The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral is 360. e. A rectangle is a parallelogram that has a right angle.
EXERCISES:
Write the following statements in If-then form.
a. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent. - If two sides are opposite sides of a parallelogram, then they are congruent b. Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other - If two diagonals are diagonals of a parallelogram, then they bisect each other.
EXERCISES:
Write the following statements in If-then form. c. Diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular. -If two diagonals are diagonals of a rhombus, then they are perpendicular. d. The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral is 360. -If four angles are angles of a convex quadrilateral, then the sum of their measures is 360.
EXERCISES:
Write the following statements in If-then form.
e.
A rectangle is a parallelogram that has a right angle. - If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it is a rectangle.
CONVERSE
The converse of the conditional statements is formed by interchanging the hypothesis and conclusion. For instance, the converse of p q is qp
The converse may also be true or false.
CONVERSE
Example: Write the converse of the following statement. Decide if the statement and its converse are both true. 1. If m A = 100, then the A is an obtuse angle.
CONVERSE:
TRUE
If A is an obtuse angle, then m A = 100. FALSE
CONVERSE
Example: Write the converse of the following statement. Decide if the statement and its converse are both true. 2. If m B = 90, then
B is right angle
CONVERSE: If B is a right angle, then m B = 90. TRUE
TRUE
BICONDITIONAL
If a conditional statement and its converse are both true, we can combine them to form one biconditional statement or biconditional. The parts of a biconditional statement are connected by the phrase if and only if.
BICONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL STATEMENT If p, then q p q CONVERSE If q, then p BICONDITIONAL p if and only if q
q p
p q
BICONDITIONAL
EXAMPLE: Write the statement as biconditional: Complementary angles measure 90
BICONDITIONAL
Complementary angles measure 90 CONDITIONAL: If two angles are complementary, then the sum of their measures is 90 CONVERSE If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90, then they are complementary. BICONDITIONAL Two angles are complementary if and only if the sum of their measures is 90.
OTHER STATEMENTS
The other statements related to a conditional are inverse and its contrapositive. Conditional: If p, then q Inverse: If not p, then not q Contrapositive: If not q, then not p pq ~p ~q ~q ~p
Notice that when we write the inverse and contrapositive in symbols, the symbol (~) shows the negative of the hyposthesis and conclusion.
PRACTICE:
Write the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of the following statements and tell whether it is TRUE or FALSE. 1. If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it is a rectangle. 2. If a rhombus has a right angle, then it is a square. 3. If two angles are congruent, then they have the same measure.
PRACTICE:
If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it is a rectangle. INVERSE: If a parallelogram has no right angle, then it is not a rectangle. TRUE
1.
CONVERSE: If it is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram with a right angle TRUE CONTRAPOSITIVE: If it is not a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram with no right angle. FALSE
PRACTICE:
2. If a rhombus has a right angle, then it is a square.. INVERSE: If a rhombus has no right TRUE angle, then it is not a square.
CONVERSE: If it is a square, then it is a TRUE rhombus with a right angle CONTRAPOSITIVE: If it is not a square, then it is a rhombus with no right angle.
FALSE
PRACTICE:
3. If two angles are congruent, then they have the same measure. INVERSE: If two angles are not congruent, then they do not have the same measure. TRUE CONVERSE: If two angles have the same measure, then they are congruent. TRUE CONTRAPOSITIVE: If two angles do not have the same measure, then they are not congruent. TRUE
Homework: 1 whole paper

Write the following statements in if-then form, its converse, inverse and its contrapositive.
Decide whether the each statement is TRUE or FALSE. 1. 2. 3. 4.
An equilateral triangle is a triangle with three equal sides. Coplanar points are points that are in the same plane. A scalene triangle has no two equal sides. Perpendicular lines intersect.
REFERENCE:
E-Math 8 by Oronce, pp. 315 317 Integrated Math for Grade 8 by Leonor, pp. 353 355

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Conditional Statements

Prepared by: Ms. Rose Anne B. Camacho

the sum of their measures is 180

The conditional statement is FALSE

The converse may also be true or false.

If A is an obtuse angle, then m A = 100. FALSE

CONVERSE: If B is a right angle, then m B = 90. TRUE

CONDITIONAL STATEMENT If p, then q p q CONVERSE If q, then p BICONDITIONAL p if and only if q

Homework: 1 whole paper

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