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    Neurophysiology of Eye

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    samxtra
    This document summarizes key aspects of neurophysiology related to the eye, including visual acuity and how it develops in infants and children, accommodation and the pupil's role, visual pathways in the brain, and factors that determine intraocular pressure. It describes tests used to evaluate visual function at different ages and the anatomy and neural control of accommodation, pupillary reflexes, and aqueous humor production and outflow that regulate intraocular pressure. Measurement methods like tonometry are also outlined.

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    Neurophysiology of Eye

    Uploaded by

    samxtra
    863 views44 pages
    This document summarizes key aspects of neurophysiology related to the eye, including visual acuity and how it develops in infants and children, accommodation and the pupil's role, visual pathways in the brain, and factors that determine intraocular pressure. It describes tests used to evaluate visual function at different ages and the anatomy and neural control of accommodation, pupillary reflexes, and aqueous humor production and outflow that regulate intraocular pressure. Measurement methods like tonometry are also outlined.

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    This document summarizes key aspects of neurophysiology related to the eye, including visual acuity and how it develops in infants and children, accommodation and the pupil's role, visual pathways in the brain, and factors that determine intraocular pressure. It describes tests used to evaluate visual function at different ages and the anatomy and neural control of accommodation, pupillary reflexes, and aqueous humor production and outflow that regulate intraocular pressure. Measurement methods like tonometry are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    863 views44 pages

    Neurophysiology of Eye

    Uploaded by

    samxtra
    This document summarizes key aspects of neurophysiology related to the eye, including visual acuity and how it develops in infants and children, accommodation and the pupil's role, visual pathways in the brain, and factors that determine intraocular pressure. It describes tests used to evaluate visual function at different ages and the anatomy and neural control of accommodation, pupillary reflexes, and aqueous humor production and outflow that regulate intraocular pressure. Measurement methods like tonometry are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF

    EYE
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    ACCOMMODATION,
    PUPILLARY REFLEXES,
    VISUAL PATHWAYS,
    INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE.
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    • It is the most important criterion of testing
    the functional integrity of the eye

    • Distance vision is assessed from 6


    meters.

    • Near vision- 14 inches from the eye.


    VISUAL ACUITY,
    V A of infants and children
    • Age • Snellen’s acuity
    6-8weeks (20/600) 6/1800

    5 months (20/60) 6/18

    18-24 months (20/40) 6/12

    2-3 years (20/30) 6/9

    >3 years (20/20) 6/6


    VISUAL ACUITY,
    • V A of infants and children
    -Occlude one eye and observe the
    behaviour
    -Cover test for fixation

    -Electroretinogram (ERG)

    -Visual evoked response (VER)

    -Opticokinetic nystagmus (OKN)


    VISUAL ACUITY,
    V A of infants and children Very young and infants
    VISUAL ACUITY
    V A of infants and children Very young and infants
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    V A of infants and children (6 months old and above)
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    V A of infants and children (2-3 years)
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    V A of infants and children (Preschool children)
    VISUAL ACUITY,

    Adult –with snellen’s visual acuity chart


    VISUAL ACUITY,
    VISUAL ACUITY,
    VISUAL ACUITY,

    Near visual acuity


    The pupil
    • NEAR REACTION HAS A TRIAD OF
    ACTIONS.
    -Convergence of eyes

    -Accommodation of the lenses

    -Miosis of the pupil


    The pupil
    • Accommodation-
    Function of:-
    -inner radial muscle
    -outer longitudinal muscle of
    cillary body
    *contraction of the round muscle shortens
    the diameter of circle
    *Lens by virtue of its own elasticity tends
    to assume a more spherical shape
    for near objects
    Accommodation
    • The refractive power of the lens 20 diopters

    can be increased up to 54 diopters in


    young Stress on the suspensory ligaments

    change the shape of the lens


    contraction of circular muscle- spherical
    lens
    it increases its refractive power –capable of focusing on near objects.
    relaxation of circular muscle -flat lens
    for distance vision
    • Controlled by parasympathetic supply
    Pupillary reflexes
    • Iris
    increase the amount of light that enters
    the eye during dull illumination
    decrease the amount of light that enters
    the eye in bright illumination

    • By changing the size of the pupil


    Pupillary reflexes
    Pathway of the pupillary light reflex
    Light & near input to EW nucleus
    Presbyopia
    • When a person is old
    lens grows larger and thicker
    loosing its elasticity
    lens remains totally non-accommodating

    to see near –use hypermetropic correction


    (+ diopteric lens)
    Oculo sympathetic pathway
    7th nerve& lacrimal gland innervations
    NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
    NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
    Intraocular pressure
    • Aqueous secretion
    * Active secretion
    80% of aqueous production
    by nonpigmented ciliary
    epithelium
    via active metabolic process
    *Passive secretion
    20% of production
    ultrafiltration,diffusion
    depend on
    BP,plasma oncotic pressure& IOP
    Intraocular pressure
    • Factors determine the level of IOP
    Rate of aqueous secretion
    Resistance encountered in the outflow
    channels
    Level of episcleral venous pressure

    • Normal IOP
    10mmHg to 21mmHg
    • Diurnal variation
    high IOP in the morning
    lower in the afternoon
    Intraocular pressure
    • Methods of examination
    tonometry
    *indentation- Schiotz tonometer
    *applanation-Goldman
    -The Perkins
    -The air puff
    -The Pulsair
    -The Tono pen
    Noncontact
    pulsair

    Schiotz tonometer

    perkins

    tonopen

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