Chapter 16 PPT New

Solid and Hazardous Waste
Chapter 16
Core Case Study: Electronic Waste (1)

What is electronic waste or e-waste?
High-quality material resources Toxic and hazardous waste
Disposal methods
Cradle-to-grave approach
Core Case Study: Electronic Waste (2)

Company-sponsored recycling programs Prevention is best long-term solution
Electronic Waste (E-waste)
Fig. 16-1, p. 380
16-1 What Are Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste, and Why Are They Problems?
Concept 16-1 Solid waste represents pollution and unnecessary waste of resources, and hazardous waste contributes to pollution, natural capital degradation, health problems, and premature deaths.
Wasting Resources
Solid Waste
Municipal solid waste Industrial solid waste
Hazardous or toxic waste

Cause for concern
About 3/4 unnecessary resource waste Create air and water pollution, land degradation
Scavenging in the Philippines
Fig. 16-2, p. 382
Harmful Chemicals in Your Home
Fig. 16-3, p. 382
Solid Waste in the United States

Produce 1/3 of worlds solid waste Mining, agricultural, industrial 98.5%
Municipal solid waste 1.5%

High-waste economy Examples
Solid Wastes Polluting a River in Jakarta, Indonesia
Fig. 16-4, p. 383
16-2 What Should We Do about Solid Waste?

Concept 16-2 A sustainable approach to solid waste is first to reduce it, then to reuse or recycle it, and finally to safely dispose of what is left.
Dealing with Solid Waste

Waste management Waste reduction
Integrated waste management
Integrated Waste Management
Raw materials
Processing and manufacturing
Products
Solid and hazardous wastes generated during the manufacturing process
Waste generated by households and businesses
Plastic Glass Metal Paper
Food/yard waste
Hazardous waste
Remaining mixed waste
To manufacturers for reuse or for recycling
Compost
Hazardous waste management
Landfill
Incinerator
Fertilizer Fig. 16-5, p. 384
Suggested Priorities for Integrated Waste Management
Fig. 16-6, p. 384
First Priority
Primary Pollution and Waste Prevention
Change industrial process to eliminate use of harmful chemicals Use less of a harmful product
Second Priority
Second Pollution and Waste Prevention
Reuse Repair
Last Priority
Waste Management
Treat waste to reduce toxicity Incinerate waste
Recycle Reduce packaging and materials in products Make products that last longer and are recyclable, reusable, or easy to repair Bury waste in landfills Compost Buy reusable and recyclable products Release waste into environment for dispersal or dilution
Stepped Art Fig. 16-6, p. 384
Producing Less Waste

Refuse Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
What Can You Do?
Fig. 16-7, p. 385
Reducing Resource Use, Waste, and Pollution

Redesign processes and products Make products easy to repair, reuse, remanufacture, compost, or recycle Eliminate or reduce unnecessary packaging
Use fee-per-bag waste collection systems

Establish cradle-to-grave laws
16-3 Why Is Reusing and Recycling Materials So Important?

Concept 16-3 Reusing items decreases the use of matter and energy resources and reduces pollution and natural capital degradation; recycling does so to a lesser degree.
Reuse
Reuse as a form of waste reduction Salvaging
Yard sales, flea markets, secondhand stores, auctions, newspaper ads Technology
Refillable containers and cloth bags
Case Study: Refillable Containers

Can reuse glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic containers Throwaway containers from centralized facilities cheaper for corporations Bottle deposit fee National bottle bill or ban non-reuseable containers
Recycling
Five major types of materials can be recycled Primary (closed-loop) recycling
Secondary recycling
Preconsumer (internal) and postconsumer (external) waste Feasibility and marketing
Mixed Versus Separate Household Recycling

Material recovery facilities (MRF) Source separation
Pay-as-you-throw (PAUT)
What Can You Do?
Fig. 16-8, p. 387
Composting
Decomposing bacteria Household composting
Organic waste collection facilities

Success large-scale composting
Located centrally Odor control Exclude toxic materials
Individuals Matter: Recycling Plastics

5% plastics recycled MBA Polymers, Inc commercial recycling process Pellets cheaper than virgin plastics
More environmentally friendly
Trade-offs: Recycling
Fig. 16-9, p. 388
Encouraging Reuse and Recycling

Fix faulty accounting system Even the economic playing field
Stabilize prices for recycled materials

Government subsidies Better-informed public
16-4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Burning or Burying Solid Waste?

Concept 16-4 Technologies for burning and burying solid wastes are well developed, but burning contributes to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and buried wastes eventually contribute to pollution and land degradation.
Waste-to-energy Incinerator
Electricity Steam Turbine Generator Smokestack Electrostatic precipitator
Furnace Boiler
Wet scrubber
Ash for treatment, disposal in landfill, or use as landfill cover

Fig. 16-10, p. 390
Trade-offs: Incineration
Fig. 16-11, p. 390
Burying Solid Wastes

Open dumps Sanitary landfills
Leachates
Sanitary Landfill
Topsoil Sand Clay Garbage Probes to detect methane leaks
When landfill is full, layers of soil and clay seal in trash Methane storage and compressor building
Electricity generator building
Leachate treatment system
Methane gas recovery well
Pipes collect explosive methane for use as fuel to generate electricity Leachate storage tank
Compacted solid waste
Garbage Sand Synthetic liner Sand Clay

Subsoil
Leachate pipes
Leachate pumped up to storage tank for safe disposal Groundwater
Groundwater monitoring well Leachate monitoring well
Clay and plastic lining to prevent leaks; pipes collect leachate from bottom of landfill
Fig. 16-12, p. 391
Trade-offs: Sanitary Landfills
Fig. 16-13, p. 391
16-5 How Should We Deal with Hazardous Waste?

Concept 16-5 A sustainable approach to hazardous waste is first to produce less of it, then to reuse or recycle it, then to convert it to less hazardous materials, and finally to safely store what is left.
Integrated Hazardous Waste Management
Fig. 16-14, p. 392
Produce Less Hazardous Waste

Change industrial processes to reduce or eliminate hazardous waste production Recycle and reuse hazardous waste
Convert to Less Hazardous or Nonhazardous Substances

Natural decomposition Incineration Thermal treatment Chemical, physical, and biological treatment Dilution in air or water
Put in Perpetual Storage

Landfill Underground injection wells Surface impoundments Underground salt formations
Stepped Art Fig. 16-14, p. 392
Detoxifying Hazardous Waste

Bioremediation Phytoremediation
Incineration
Trade-offs: Phytoremediation
Fig. 16-15, p. 393
Storing Hazardous Waste

Deep-well disposal Surface impoundments
Secure landfills
Trade-offs: Deep Underground Wells
Fig. 16-16, p. 393
Trade-offs: Surface Impoundments
Fig. 16-17, p. 395
Secure Hazardous Waste Landfill
Bulk Gas Topsoil Plastic cover waste vent Earth Impervious Clay Sand impervious clay cap cap clay
Water table Earth Groundwater Double leachate collection system Plastic double liner Leak detection system Reactive wastes in drums Groundwater monitoring well Fig. 16-18, p. 396
What Can You Do?
Fig. 16-19, p. 397
Science Focus: Mercury (1)

Neurotoxin Natural sources
Human activities
Coal burning, chemical plants, smelting, electronics
Science Focus: Mercury (2)

Persistent chemical Exposure and bioaccumulation
Mercury Cycle
WINDS
PRECIPITATION
Hg2+ and acids
WINDS
PRECIPITATION Hg2+ and acids

Inorganic mercury and acids (Hg2+)
Hg and SO2
Human sources
Incinerator
Coalburning plant
Photochemical Elemental oxidation Inorganic mercury mercury and acids vapor (Hg2+) (Hg)
Deposition
Deposition
Deposition
Bacteria Elemental OxidationInorganic and acids Organic mercury mercury mercury liquid (Hg) (Hg2+) Bacteria (CH3Hg+) Settles Settles Settles out out out SEDIMENT Fig. 16-A, p. 394
Vaporization
Large fish Small fish BIOMAGNIFICATION
IN FOOD CHAIN Phytoplankton Zooplankton
Solutions: Mercury Pollution
Fig. 16-B, p. 395
Dealing with Lead Poisoning

Neurotoxin Persistent
Especially harmful to children

Good news More work needed
Solutions: Lead Poisoning
Fig. 16-20, p. 397
16-6 How Can We Make the Transition to a More Sustainable Low-waste Society?
Concept 16-6 Shifting to a low-waste society requires individuals and businesses to reduce resource use and to reuse and recycle wastes at local, national, and global levels.
Achieving a Low-waste Society (1)

Grassroots action Environmental justice
International treaties
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Dirty dozen
Achieving a Low-waste Society (2)

Precautionary principle Emphasize prevention and reduction
Animation: Economic Types
PLAY ANIMATION
Animation: Carbon Bonds
PLAY ANIMATION
Animation: Resources Depletion and Degradation
PLAY ANIMATION
Video: China Computer Waste
PLAY ANIMATION

Chapter 16 PPT New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 16 PPT New

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 16 PPT New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Core Case Study: Electronic Waste (1)

Core Case Study: Electronic Waste (2)

Electronic Waste (E-waste)

Fig. 16-1, p. 380

Hazardous or toxic waste

Scavenging in the Philippines

Fig. 16-2, p. 382

Harmful Chemicals in Your Home

Fig. 16-3, p. 382

Solid Waste in the United States

Municipal solid waste 1.5%

Solid Wastes Polluting a River in Jakarta, Indonesia

Fig. 16-4, p. 383

16-2 What Should We Do about Solid Waste?

Dealing with Solid Waste

Integrated waste management

Integrated Waste Management

Processing and manufacturing

Solid and hazardous wastes generated during the manufacturing process

Waste generated by households and businesses

Plastic Glass Metal Paper

Remaining mixed waste

To manufacturers for reuse or for recycling

Hazardous waste management

Fertilizer Fig. 16-5, p. 384

Suggested Priorities for Integrated Waste Management

Fig. 16-6, p. 384

Stepped Art Fig. 16-6, p. 384

Producing Less Waste

What Can You Do?

Fig. 16-7, p. 385

Reducing Resource Use, Waste, and Pollution

Use fee-per-bag waste collection systems

16-3 Why Is Reusing and Recycling Materials So Important?

Case Study: Refillable Containers

Mixed Versus Separate Household Recycling

What Can You Do?

Fig. 16-8, p. 387

Organic waste collection facilities

Individuals Matter: Recycling Plastics

More environmentally friendly

Fig. 16-9, p. 388

Encouraging Reuse and Recycling

Stabilize prices for recycled materials

16-4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Burning or Burying Solid Waste?

Electricity Steam Turbine Generator Smokestack Electrostatic precipitator

Ash for treatment, disposal in landfill, or use as landfill cover

Fig. 16-11, p. 390

Burying Solid Wastes

Topsoil Sand Clay Garbage Probes to detect methane leaks

Electricity generator building

Leachate treatment system

Methane gas recovery well

Compacted solid waste

Garbage Sand Synthetic liner Sand Clay

Leachate pumped up to storage tank for safe disposal Groundwater

Groundwater monitoring well Leachate monitoring well

Fig. 16-12, p. 391