SEMINAR ON

E-WASTE MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED TO: Ms. Charu.

SUBMITTED BY: Ms.Monu Malik. Roll No: -1202320.

SETH JAI PARKASH MUKAND LAL INSTITUTE OF ENGG. AND TECHNOLOGY.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I convey my special thanks to Ms.Charu for giving me support from time to time and providing me various facilities during my Seminar.

I express my immense gratitude to Mr.Rakesh Garg, Head of Department and other senior members of the Department for their endless contribution and cooperation during the course of formulation of my Seminar.

Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement and patience of the other teachers of my Department.

INDEX
Chapter - 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Future Aspects. Role of Citizens. Responsibility of Industries. Role of Government. Management of E Waste. Indian Scenario. Root of the Problem. Introduction To E - Waste.

 Chapter 10

Bibliography

Slides.

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO E- WASTE

E-waste means ---- The electronic waste or the electronic products nearing the end of their useful life. For e.g: - Discarded Computers, VCRs, Stereos, Walkman, Copiers, Fax- Machines, electric Lamps, Cell Phones etc. Each year millions of computers and computer related components are purchased to replace the equipments that have been superseded by faster and more powerful technology. . Unfortunately, however, most old computing equipments end up at the tips. This is despite the mounting evidences that some components like: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors--- contains high-level toxic materials that need to be disposed off more responsibly.

Chapter 2
ROOT OF THE PROBLEM

E- Wastes are considered dangerous as certain components of some products contains materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The hazardous contents of these materials pose a threat to human life and to environment. The obsolete technology contains hazardous materials like: - Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenic, which pose great threat to Human kind. Even small quantities of lead can cause brain damage in babies and other diseases related to the nervous system, Kidney and Blood system.

Chapter 3
INDIAN SCENARIO

A recent investigation revealed that much of the electronics turned over for recycling in the U.S.A. ends up in Asia where they are either disposed off or recycled with little or no regard for the environment or workers health and safety. The major reasons of such exports are:Cheap Labour, Lack of Environmental and Occupational Standards in this way the toxic effluents of the Developed Nations would flood towards the worlds poorest Nations. Now, the discarded electronics items are being recycled with recyclers digging into the chip for GOLD and PLATINUM. Lots of hazardous chemicals are being used which are heavy metals also chemicals like Cyanide for extraction of GOLD. This is the reason why it is to be lucrative. In each Computer, according to an estimate, there is 5gms of GOLD which can be recovered and in Bangalore alone; from 20 recovery units, 2.5 crores worth Gold is being recovered annually. Actually, the

quantity of gold available in a Computer is much more than that of the quantity available in regular mines.

Chapter 4
MANAGEMENT OF E-WASTE
Having discussed the meaning, problem and need for E-waste management we can now shift our focus upon the ways and strategies that can be adopted for managing this DORMANT VOLCANO named E-Waste. It is estimated that 75% of electronic items are stored due to uncertainty of how to manage it. These electronic junks lie unattended in storehouses, offices etc. Later on, they get easily mixed with household wastes, which are finally disposed off as landfills. Hence, become this waste properly and scientifically. The focal point should be the industries generating e-wastes. The generation point by pointing by adopting waste minimization techniques as follows: Inventory Management. Productive Process Modification.

 Source Segregation. Waste Concentration. Volume Reduction. Recovery and Reuse.

Inventory Management: Proper control over the materials used in manufacturing process is an important way to reduce waste generation. By reducing both the quantity of hazardous materials used in the process and the amount of excess raw materials in the stock the quantity of waste generated can be reduced in two ways: All materials be approved prior to purchase and evaluated. Ensure that only the needed quantity is ordered.

Production Process Modification: In this step, reduction in waste generation can be accomplished by changing the materials used to make the products or by the more efficient use of input materials in the production process or both.

Improvement in the operation and maintenance of process equipment can result in significant waste reduction, which can be accomplished by reviewing current operational procedures or lack of procedures.

Volume Reduction: To include these techniques that removes the hazardous portion of a waste from a non- hazardous portion. These techniques are usually to reduce the volume and thus cast of disposing of a waste material. The technique that can be used to reduce waste stream volume can de divided into two general categories: -

Source Segregation: - It is a simple and economical

technique. Wastes containing different types of metals can be treated separately so that the metal value in sludge can be recovered.

Waste Concentration: - It may increase he livelihood that the

material can be recycled, using techniques like - GRAVITY VACCUM, FILTERATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS.

Recovery and Reuse: This technique could eliminate wastes disposals costs, reduce raw materials costs, and provide income from saleable wastes. Wastes
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can be recovered on site or at off site recovery facility, or through inter- industrial exchange.

Chapter 5
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

Govt.should set up regulatory agencies in each district, which are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and consolidating the regulatory functions of various authorities regarding hazardous substances. Existing laws regarding disposal of e-wastes should be revamped. Govt. is responsible for providing adequate system of laws, controls and administration procedure for hazardous waste management. Research and Development activities must be encouraged, standard of hazardous waste management; environment monitoring should also be taken care of.

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 Proper support should be given to the NGOs and other organization to involve actively in solving the Nations e-waste problems.

Chapter 6
RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIES

Generators of e-wastes should take responsibility to determine the output characteristics of wastes, if hazardous, should provide management option. All personnels involved in handling e-waste in industries including those at the policy, management, control and operational level should be properly qualified and trained. Companies can adopt some of the following policies while handling e-wastes: Use label materials to assist in recycling particularly plastics. Standardize components for easy disassembly.

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 Re-evaluate Cheap products use makes products-cycle cheap so that it has no inherent value that would encourage a recycling infrastructure. Create computer components and peripherals of

biodegradable materials. Utilize technology sharing particularly for manufacturing and remanufacturing. Encourage/promote/require green procurement for corporate buyers. Loot at green packaging option. They should spread awareness among consumers regarding potential threat to public health and the environment posed by their products.

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Chapter 7
CITIZENS ROLE

Most important idea is of preventing wastes rather than managing wastes. What can be done here to prevent wastes is ---- the electronics can be donated for reuse and for extending the lives of valuable products. But these products should should be in working condition before hey are donated. Reuse also benefits society. Donation of such articles to low-income families, school etc, who can ill afford to buy them; will surely be a philanthropic act. E- wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or donated to various organizations.

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 NGOs should adopt a participatory approach. While buying e-products, care should be taken if they are made with fewer toxic constituents, are energy efficient, utilization of minimal packaging is there after leasing or take back option and if they are certified.

E-WASTES: CONTITUENTS AND CONSEQUENCES

Sources of EWastes Solder in printed circuits boards, glass panels and gaskets in Computer Monitor. Chip resistors and Semi Conductors Cadmium (Cd) Lead (Pb) Damage to Central, peripherals nervous system, and bloodsystem and Kidney damage. Toxic irreversible effects on human health. Accumulates in Kidney and Liver. Causes neural Relays and Switches printed circuit boards. Mercury (Hg) damage Teratogenis. Chronic damage to the brain. Constituents Health Effects

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Respiratory, skin disorders due to bioaccumulations fish. Corrosion protection of untreated and galvanized steel plates, decorators or hardener of steel housing Cabling and Computer Housing Plastics including PVC Reproductive and Development mental problems. Immune systems damage Interfere with regulatory Hormones Hexavalent Chromium (Cr) Asthmatic Bronchitis DNA damages.

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Chapter 8
FUTURE ASPECTS

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In the final analysis, E-Wastes has reached critical proportions in the west, leading to stronger laws. This is still to be done in our country where there is no strong agency to combat e-wastes tides. With the estimated number of PCs in India, touching up to 80 million by the year 2008, its high time we plan by for the management and prevention of this tide of e- garbage, well in advance. Not only will it
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save some anticipated disaster but will also show us a way to tackle this menace.

Chapter 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chronicle. India Today. Frontline.

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 Readers Digest.

Chapter 10

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