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    Western Civ

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    Shuq Faqat al-Fansuri
    This document provides an overview of the origin and history of Western civilization. It began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization and was characterized by Christianity, European descendants, and industrialization. Key events and periods that shaped Western civilization included the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. These eras saw major political, economic, social, scientific, and cultural changes that established Western civilization as we understand it today.

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    Western Civ

    Uploaded by

    Shuq Faqat al-Fansuri
    70 views40 pages
    This document provides an overview of the origin and history of Western civilization. It began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization and was characterized by Christianity, European descendants, and industrialization. Key events and periods that shaped Western civilization included the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. These eras saw major political, economic, social, scientific, and cultural changes that established Western civilization as we understand it today.

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    This document provides an overview of the origin and history of Western civilization. It began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization and was characterized by Christianity, European descendants, and industrialization. Key events and periods that shaped Western civilization included the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. These eras saw major political, economic, social, scientific, and cultural changes that established Western civilization as we understand it today.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    70 views40 pages

    Western Civ

    Uploaded by

    Shuq Faqat al-Fansuri
    This document provides an overview of the origin and history of Western civilization. It began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization and was characterized by Christianity, European descendants, and industrialization. Key events and periods that shaped Western civilization included the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. These eras saw major political, economic, social, scientific, and cultural changes that established Western civilization as we understand it today.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    WESTERN CIVILIZATION

    Origin
    Began in Europe based on the GrecoRoman civilization. One of the existing world civilizations. Started either in 8th cent AD or 16th cent AD ; after the end of European Middle Ages (5th 16th cent AD). Overlapping terms; West or Western, Modern and European.

    Origin
    Different definitions based on different
    criteria:
    Regions (Europe, America) European descendants Caucasian race Western ideologies Western culture Christianity Advanced / Industrialized European states Periods (ancient Greco-Roman / Modern)

    Origin
    Generally, Western civilization is defined
    as having these criteria:
    European descendants Western ideologies Developed / Industrialized states Christianity

    In consistent with the general perception


    of what people view of the West today.

    Origin
    Religion was not the driving force behind
    the Western civilization. In fact, religion was viewed as an obstacle towards progress. Separation of church and state. The rise of Western civilization followed a series of events in Europe.

    European History
    Middle / Dark / Medieval Ages The Age of Renaissance The Age of Reformation The Age of Discovery and Expansion Scientific Revolution The Age of Enlightenment The Age of French Revolution Industrial Revolution

    European History
    Romanticism The Age of Nationalism

    European Middle Ages


    5th 16th cent AD (500 1500 AD). After the fall of the Western Roman
    empire. Characterized by intellectual stagnation, famines, economic depression, plagues (Black Death), wars (The Hundred Years War), the Crusades. The Black Death killed 25% - 50 % of European population.

    European Middle Ages


    The Hundred Years War, England vs
    France. Supremacy of the church. Roman Catholic Church as the spiritual head of Christendom and had authority over all European secular rulers.

    European Middle Ages


    Feudal systems. Inequalities, injustices, suppression of the
    poor, slavery and serfdom. Feudal society:
    Clergy Nobility Commoners

    The Age of Renaissance


    1350 1550 AD (14th 15th AD) In Italy Italian Renaissance. The Age of Rebirth a rebirth of antiquity
    or Greco-Roman civilization. The Age of Recovery from the disaster of the 14th cent. A period of significant political, economic, artistic and intellectual change.

    The Age of Renaissance


    The achievements were the product of an
    elite, rather than a mass, movement. Wealthy upper classes Italian society. Economic recovery from flourishing trade throughout the Mediterranean (Venetians). An increase in manufacturing (textile). New industries; printing, mining and metallurgy (new machinery & techniques).

    The Age of Renaissance


    The birth of modern diplomacy. Ambassadors as agents of states rather
    than the servants of all Christendom. The beginning of modern politics; the interests of the state supersede all other considerations. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) on political power.

    The Age of Renaissance


    Humanist movement human beings
    could be changed by education. Education on liberal arts (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy or ethics and history). Responsible for secularizing the writing of history rejected divine interventions. The invention of printing Johannes Gutenberg.

    The Age of Renaissance


    Renaissance artistic style a new realistic
    style of painting. Leonardo da Vinci. Donato di Donatello. Michelangelo.

    The Age of Reformation


    16th cent AD began in Germany. Martin Luther, a German professor of
    theology. A religious movement, known as Protestant movement. Challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. Resulted in the division of Western Christendom.

    The Age of Reformation


    Luther unsatisfied with Catholic traditional
    practice of confession. The Bible as the sole authority in religious affairs no need for traditions and decrees of the Church. A hierarchical priesthood was unnecessary since all Christians who followed the word of God were their own priests.

    The Age of Reformation


    Spread
    to other Europeans states; England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavian states. Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, Anabaptists. Organized reformed churches. The use of music to teach the Bible. Abolished monasticism and clerical celibacy.

    The Age of Reformation


    Rejected veneration of relics and saints,
    and pilgrimages. Replaced with individual prayer, family worship and collective prayer and worship on Sunday. Important impact on education in Europe education for the public. Established Protestant secondary schools and universities.

    The Age of Discovery and Expansion


    A transition of Europe from agrarian
    economy to a commercial and industrial capitalistic system. Began in late 15th cent. Reasons for expansion:
    Economic reason Religious reason (Portugal and Spain) Achieved a level of wealth ad technology (maps, weapons and vessels)

    The Age of Discovery and Expansion


    Portugal
    and Spain, followed by Netherlands, France and England. Impact on Europe new land, riches and social advancement. The increase of European trade led to a new era of commercial capitalism and world economy. Reinforced Christians Europes belief in the inherent superiority of European civilization.

    The Age of Discovery and Expansion


    Also increased rivalries among European
    states. Impact on the conquered people the establishment of European institutions, religion, language and culture (esp. on native American civilizations). Introduction by Europeans of animals (horses and sheep) and crops (wheat).

    Scientific Revolution
    16th and 17th cent. Conflict between science and religion. Led to a secular, rational and materialistic
    perspectives that characterized the modern Western mentality. Challenged traditional Christian views of the universe.

    Scientific Revolution
    E.g. a shift from an-earth centered to a
    sun-centered cosmos. Nicolaus Copernicus sun- centered theory. Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe solar system. Galileo Galilei confirmed Copernican theory using a telescope.

    Scientific Revolution
    Isaac
    Newton universal law of gravitation. Francis Bacon correct scientific methods (systematic experiments and observations). Rene Descartes scientific technology.

    Scientific Revolution
    By 17th cent, the spread of scientific
    knowledge in European universities. Royal and princely patronage of individual scientists. The emergence of scientific societies.

    The Age of Enlightenment


    18th cent. Enlightenment
    accepting new philosophical ideas based on the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution. Also means rejection of traditional Christianity. The emergence of secularism.

    The Age of Enlightenment


    A
    movement by philosophers and intellectuals advocating the application of scientific methods to the understanding all life. The use of reason (rational and scientific way of thinking). Natural law, hope and progress. Had a widespread impact on European society.

    The Age of Enlightenment


    Immanuel Kant reason. Montesquieu natural law. Voltaire criticism of traditional religion

    and religious toleration. Denis Diderot criticism of Christianity. David Hume science of man. Adam Smith laissez faire. Rousseau social contract.

    The Age of French Revolution


    Late 18th and 19th cent. 1789 in Paris the attack on Bastille led
    to the French Revolution. A turning point in European political and social history. The abolition of old regime and institutions and the establishment of a new order in Europe.

    The Age of French Revolution


    Individual
    rights, representative institutions, and loyalty to nation. In line with the French revolution slogan Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Inspired by the American Revolution (War of Independence) Bill of Rights. Inequality of rights in French society. Economic and financial problems.

    The Age of French Revolution


    Ended with the abolition of French
    monarchy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1879). Men are born and remain free and equal in rights; the governments must protect these natural rights, and that political power is derived from the people.

    The Age of French Revolution


    The ideas were disseminated by Napoleon
    Bonaparte through his European expansion (1799 1815). He sought acceptance everywhere of certain revolutionary principles, including legal equality, religious toleration and economic freedom.

    The Industrial Revolution


    Late 18th and early 19th cent. Began in Britain, spread to European
    continent and the New World (America). Transformed the economic and social structure of Europe. From a traditional, labor-intensive economy based on farming and handicrafts to capital-intensive economy, based on manufacturing.

    The Industrial Revolution


    Witnessed a quantum leap in industrial
    production due to new sources of energy and power (coal and steam); power machinery; factories; overseas markets. Mass movements of people from countryside to urban areas. Led to a search for new sources of raw materials and new markets.

    The Industrial Revolution


    A revolution in transportation; railroads
    and locomotives. The creation of a wealthy industrial middle class and a huge industrial working class (proletariat). Negative effects.

    Romanticism
    Late 19th cent. Began in Germany; German poets. An intellectual movement - as a reaction
    against the Enlightenment movement (reason). The Romantics tried to balance reason and human intuition, feeling, feeling and imagination.

    Romanticism
    Literary arts; poetry was the direct
    expression of ones soul. Visual arts, music. Believed that states and societies evolved through time, and that each people had a spirit (geist) that made him unique. Some emphasized greatly on nature identifying the forces of nature with God.

    Romanticism
    Joseph Malford William Turner Eugene Delacroix Beethoven

    The Age of Nationalism


    19th cent. Revolutions
    against authoritarian governments in Europe. Resulted in national unity (Italy and Germany), and constitutional monarchies (in many other European states). The unification of Italy (1861). The unification of Germany (1871); Otto von Bismarck.

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