Introduction of Plastic

CHAPTER 1
INTODUCTION TO PLASTIC
INTODUCTION TO PLASTIC
AIM: 1. KNOW IMPORTANCE OF PLASTIC 2. UNDERSTAND ABOUT VARIOUS CHARACTERISTIC OF PLASTIC
INTRODUCTION TO PLASTIC
ISI KANDUNGAN:
IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY CHARACTERISTIC ADDITIVES PLASTICISERS FILLERS STABILIZERS LUBRICANTS COLOURANTS USES OF PLASTICS
CATEGORIES OF PLASTICS
SUMMARY KUIZ
IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

Before the advent synthetic, most form construction used natural material such as metal, wood, rubber,, tin and etc Now most of this material replace with new material called plastic. There are many types of plastic which produce by manipulating the molecule and changing the chemical combination

Every activity in modern life is influenced by plastics and many depend entirely on plastics products. Imagine cars without synthetic bumper, dashboards, steering wheels and switches; medicine without plastic hypodermic syringes and artificial hip joints.

And what about telecommunications, dependent on plastic telephones, circuit boards and cable insulation. Our entertainment and leisure relies on the unique combination of characteristics offered by plastics in sports equipment and clothing, CDs, video and audio tape, television and cinema indeed you wouldn't be able to read this over the internet without plastics!

The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parkes who publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London. The material called Parkesine was an organic material derived from cellulose that once heated could be molded, and retained its shape when cooled.

Did you know? For every seven trucks needed to deliver paper grocery bags to the store, only one truck is needed to carry the same number of plastic grocery bags! Imagine the cost savings with today's high cost of fuel. Plastic lumber, made with recycled plastic packaging material, holds nails and screws better than wood, is virtually maintenance free, and lasts for 50 years. The number of plastics recycling businesses has nearly tripled over the past several years, with more than 1,700 businesses handling and reclaiming post consumer plastic products.
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CHARACTERISTIC OF PLASTIC
Most plastics are man-made materials with the ability to:i. Flow ii. take shape iii.Solidity Unlike metals, plastics are:i. light in weight ii. pleasant to touch iii.easy to form Complicated shapes are easily reproduced by:i. Moulding ii. casting
CHARACTERISTIC OF PLASTIC
They found their important roles in: agriculture appliances clothing construction electronics furniture packaging transportation
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ADDITIVES
Various forms of additives are put into basic polymers. The type and quantity varies according to the plastic required.
ADDITIVES
Without additives, plastics would not work, but with them they can be made safer, cleaner, tougher and more colourful. Additives cost money, of course, but by reducing production costs and making products last longer, they help us to save money and conserve the world's precious raw material reserves.
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PLASTICISERS
Added to make the basic polymer more flexible and processable, they lower the softening temperature and improve the strength. Certain properties can only be achieved by adding a mixture of different plasticizers.
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FILLERS
To improve the physical properties of the plastic mix, Substances such as: wood asbestos flour Chalk glass in fiber form carbon fiber synthetic fiber
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STABILIZERS
Added to give stability to the polymer and the color dyes or pigments, they present their properties from being destroyed when processed at high temperatures and fast production rates.
STABILIZERS
In order for a plastic to have a long and useful life in any application, the properties of that plastic should change as little as possible with time. Stabilizers are added, usually in small quantities, to counter the effects of aging. Because all carbon-based polymers are subject to oxidation, the most common stabilizers are antioxidants.
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LUBRICANTS
Acts by reducing the adhesion of the plastic material cause the hot metal surfaces of the process equipment. Ethylenebis (stearamide) (EBS) is a plastic lubricant made by the reaction of one mole of EDA with two moles of stearic acid
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COLOURANTS
Colourants Included giving visual appearance to the end products, especially in consumer products. Used also as a method of identification, a good example being the covering sheath on electrical cables. Plastics in their pure form are transparent, nearly colorless or dark brown
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USED OF PLASTICS
LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES The ability of plastics to be foamed has led to a completely new concept of lightweight construction. Rigid methane foams are used in furniture and other structural applications because of its strength.
USED OF PLASTICS
METALLIZED PLASTICS Many plastics can be coated with a thin metal film to change their appearanc or meet a functional requirement HUMAN IMPLANTATION An important breakthrough in surgery has been the use of plastics as implantation in the human body. Strong, tough, non-allergenic plastics are finding increased use as replacements for defective blood vessels- and other damaged parts of the body. The softer silicon rubbers are also used for implantation, but mostly for cosmetic purposes.
USED OF PLASTICS
MASS PRODUCTION Due to the tremendous strides made in injection, compression and transfer moulding plastic products are now being produced more quickly and in larger volumes. Improved mechanization of automatic and semi-automatic machines plus improved moulding materials have brought about shorter cure cycles and a reduction in handling operations. CHEMICAL RESISTANCE Many plastics can be used in specialized chemical-resistant applications. With few exceptions (such as fluorocarbons), most plastic materials are attacked by one or more chemicals. But though vulnerable to some chemicals a specific plastic can be highly resistant to several others. By careful material selection, lightweight, unbreakable plastics can be used to replace glass and stainless steel as chemical containers.
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CATEGORIES OF PLASTICS
Most plastics when first synthesized are in the form of liquids, powders, granules or pellets. All of these plastics can be made to flow by applying heat to them. They are divided generally into two groups according to their characteristics after the processing stage. The two groups are: Thermo-sets Thermoplastics
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SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

Plastic is as varied as it is malleable. As a man-made substance, plastic can be created to almost any specifications, and each plastic type has its own particular functions and uses, from elastic to rigid. Here is a list of 10 plastics associated with injection moulding and their properties

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, (ABS), Thermoplastic. ABS is often used in the automotive industry for consoles, panels, trims and vents. It is both strong and flexible, chemically resistant and has a relatively low manufacturing cost. It is also often used for boxes, gauges, housings, asthma inhalers and toys.

Allyl Resin, (Allyl), Thermoset polycondensate. Allyl is used chiefly as an adhesive for laminated materials. It hardens when cured, and compounds based on allyl prepolymers reinforced with fibers of glass, cloth or acrylic to improve its properties. This is an essentially colourless resin, and so can be made into a variety of colours.

Allyl Resin, (Allyl), Thermoset polycondensate. Allyl is used chiefly as an adhesive for laminated materials. It hardens when cured, and compounds based on allyl prepolymers reinforced with fibers of glass, cloth or acrylic to improve its properties. This is an essentially colourless resin, and so can be made into a variety of colours.

Ethylene vinyl alcohol, (E/VAL), Thermoplastic polymer. This compound has been around in a mass-production capacity since 1945. It is isften used in packaging of textiles but is also used as a coating in construction as it has good barrier properties for gases and aromatic materials.

Liquid Crystal Polymer, (LCP), Thermoplastic. LCP is an expensive material, but it is very strong and is both chemically resistant and heat redardent. It is often used in electronics for connectors and in the medical industry as surgical devices.

Nylon (Polyamide 6(PA6); Polyamide 6/6(PA66); Polyamide 11+12(PA11+12), Nylon is a common material used in everyday products. It is strong, hardy and ranges in colour from milky-white to almost clear. Although used often, it can be expensive.

Polycarbonate, (PC), Thermoplastic polycondensate. This is a material that we come into contact with regularly. It is tough, stable and transparent. Used for bottles, car parts, housings and helmets to name but a few, this material is expensive, but often used in mass production.

Polyester, Thermoplastic or thermoset polycondensate. This is a hardy, rigid, heat- and chemical-resistant property. It is used for electrical components, gears, wheels and in the automotive industry.

Polystyrene, (PS), Thermoplastic polymer. Polystyrene can refer to two different types. General purpose (GPPS) polystyrene is the brittle, cheap material that is often used for packing products into boxes. High impact polystyrene (HIPS) is hardy, has impact toughness and is translucent. It is used from electrical components to food containers to toys.

Polyurethane, (PU), Thermoplastic or thermoset, (typically reinforced), polyadduct. This is a unique material as it offers a great amount of strength whilst also retaining a certain amount of elasticity. They are often used in foam products.

There is an incredible range of plastics available to the plastic injection moulding trade. Each retaining its own particular properties, strengths and weaknesses, it's no wonder we see items around us on a daily basis that have come to us through this process.
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KUIZ
1. Most plastics are man-made materials with the ability to ? 2. Explain function of additive and plasticisers 3. Name two group of plastic 4. Polyester, Thermoplastic used for ? 5.List two used of plastic.

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CHAPTER 1

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND HISTORY

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF PLASTIC

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