Biology Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

DORSAL
VENTRAL
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
CRANIAL
CAUDAL
DORSAL Toward the upper surface (back)
VENTRAL toward the lower surface (belly)
DORSAL toward the upper surface (back)
POSTERIOR toward the tail
ANTERIOR toward the head
CAUDAL toward the tail
CRANIAL toward the head
MEDIAL
PROXIMAL
LATERAL
DISTAL
FRONTAL PLANE
TRANSVERSE PLANE
PROXIMAL toward the end of the appendage nearest the body
MEDIAL toward the midline of the body
DISTAL toward the end of an appendage farthest away from the body
LATERAL away from the midline of the body; toward the side
TRANSVERSE PLANE a cross section; two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the anteriorposterior axis of the body
FRONTAL PLANE divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves; two dimensional plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and perpendicular to the dorsal-ventral axis
SAGITTAL PLANE
PLANTIGRADE
QUADRUPED
RAT SKELETON VS HUMAN SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON
APPENICULAR SKELETON
PLANTIGRADE
SAGITTAL PLANE divides the body into left and right halves; two-dimensional plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis
RAT SKELETON VS HUMAN SKELETON
QUADRUPED
APPENICULAR SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON
NARES
VIBRISSAE
INCISORS
PARTS OF THE EAR
TEATS
PELAGE
the tactilely (relating to touch) sensitive whiskers on the face are called VIBRISSAE
the NARES (nostrils) are at the anterior end of the head
EARS are located posteriorly on the head and composed of a PINNA (external ear) and an AUDITORY MEATUS (ear canal)
the SUBTERMINAL MOUTH has a CLEFT in the upper lip that exposes large front teeth called INCISORS
a hairy coat called the PELAGE covers most of the rats body
on the ventral surface of the rat and just lateral to the midline are six pairs of nipples or TEATS
ANUS
TAIL
Which of the following bones on the rat skeleton articulates distally with the tibia?
A. PETELLA B. ISCHIUM C. FEMUR D. CALCANEUS E. PHALANGES
Which surface of the rat is indicated by the pin (rat with pin in the back)?
A. DORSAL B. VENTRAL C. ANTERIOR D. POSTERIOR E. N.O.T.A.
Which is the function of the indicated structure (rat with vibrissae indicated)?
D. A. SENSING SMELL B. SENSING TOUCH C. SECRETING MILK EXCRETING WASTE PRODUCTS E. SENSING LIGHT
NICTITATING MEMBRANE
the TAIL is located posteriorly (caudally) and is covered with hair and scales
Ventral to the base of the tail is the ANUS
the NICTITATING MEMBRANE is located at the inside corner of the EYE
Which bone is indicated by the pointer (rat with tape on scapula)?

A. B. C. D. E. MANDIBLE CLAVICLE HUMERUS STERNUM N.O.T.A.
What region of the rat is indicated by the pin (rat with pin in pelvic region)?
A. PECTORAL REGION B. THORACIC REGION C. ABDOMINAL REGION D. PELVIC REGION E. CAUDAL REGION
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

A. SACRAL VERTEBRAE B. B. ISCHIUMM C. FEMUR D. SCAPULA E. N.O.T.A.
Which structure is most caudal on the rat?

A. TEATS B. NARES C. PINNA D. ANUS E. A.O.T.A.
Which of the following bones is proximal to the indicated bone (rat skeleton with humerus indicated)?
A. HUMERUS B. ULNA C. CLAVICLE D. STERNUM E. RIB
Identify the pinned structure (rat with pin in tail)?

A. B. C. D. E. PELAGE PINNA TAIL ANUS NARES
EXTENSORS
FLEXORS
ABDUCTORS
RETRACTORS
PROTRACTORS
SUPINATORS
FLEXORS decrease the angle of a joint
EXTENSORS increase the angle of a joint
RETRACTORS move an appendage backward
ABDUCTORS move an appendage away from the midline of the body
SUPINATORS rotate the palm or bottom of foot upward
PROTRACTORS move an appendage forward
PRONATORS
THORACIC CAVITY
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
DIAPHRAGM
COELOM
PERITONEUM
THORACIC CAVITY chest region
PRONATORS rotate the palm or bottom of foot downward
DIAPHRAGM
ABDOMINAL CAVITY belly region
PERITONEUM
COELOM
..
BICEPS BRACHII
TRICEPS BRACHII
SPINOTRAPEZIUS
ACROMIOTRAPEZIUS
LATISSIMUS DORSI
BICEPS BRACHII the muscle is located on the anterior surface of the humerus ORIGIN: scapula INSERTION: radius ACTION: flexes the lower arm
..
SPINOTRAPEZIUS muscle lays across the dorsal thoracic region of the rat ORIGIN: thoracic vertebrae INSERTION: spine of the scapula ACTION: moves the scapula upward and backward
TRICEPS BRACHII muscle located on the sides and back of the upper arm ORIGIN: humerus & scapula INSERTION: elbow (olecranon) ACTION: extends the lower arm
LATISSIMUS DORSI muscle is posterior to and partially covered by the spinotrapezius ORIGIN: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae INSERTION: medial side of the humerus ACTION: moves the humerus dorsocaudad
ACROMIOTRAPEZIUS central muscle of the trapezius group ORIGIN: cervical vertebrae INSERTION: scapula ACTION: moves the scapula dorsally
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
CUTANEOUS TRUNCI
BICCEPTS FEMORIS
GASTROCNEMIUS
What characteristics of the structure of muscle & bone tissue contribute to their functions?
ANTOGONISTIC MUSCLE PAIRS
Which muscle moves the skin?
SALIVARY GLANDS
LARYNX
THYROID GLAND
TRACHEA
ESOPHAGUS
THYMUS GLAND
HEART
LUNGS
LIVER
STOMACH
SPLEEN
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
PANCREAS
Identify the pinned muscle (rat with pin in latissimus dorsi)?

A. ACROMIOTRAPEZIUS B. LATISSUMUS DORSI C. TRICEPTS BRACHII D. CLAVOTRAPEZIUS E. N.O.T.A.
What is the function of the pinned organ (rat with pin in cecum)?
A. HELPS IN DEVELOPING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM B. LOCATION OF GAS EXCHANGE C. FORMATION, STORAGE, AND DESTRUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS D. FOOD STORAGE AND INITIAL DIGESTION E. N.O.T.A.
What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A. RADIUS B. SCAPULA C. HUMERUS CERVICAL VETEBRAE E. N.O.T.A.
D.
Where does food pass after passing through the pinned structure (rat with pin in esophagus)? A. CECUM
B. DIAPHRAGM C. SPLEEN D. LIVER E. STOMACH
In which body cavity would you find the heart?

A. ABDOMINAL B. PERICARDIUM C. THORAIC D. CRANIAL E. N.O.T.A.
Which muscle originates from the indicated below (rat skeleton with ischium indicated)?
A. GASTROCNEMIUS B. LATISSIMUS DORSI C. BICEPS FEMORIS D. BICEPS BRACHII E. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
Identify the pinned structure (rat with pin in descending colon)?

A. ASCENDING COLON B. STOMACH C. CECUM DESCENDING COLON E. SPLEEN
D.
Which of the following organs functions in transforming digested nutrients into usable molecules for the body? A. STOMACH
B. HEART C. LIVER D. SPLEEN E. N.O.T.A.
Which of the following muscles is antagonistic to the pinned muscle (rat with pin in pectoralis major)?
BICEPS BRACHII B. PECTORALIS MINOR C. EXTERNAL OBLIQUE D. LATISSIMUS DORSI E. CLAVOTRAPEZIUS A.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
UROGENITAL SYSTEM: RAT VS HUMAN
FUNCTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS: MALE RATS VS FEMALE RATS
HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM
ADRENAL GLAND
KIDNEY
URETER
BLADDER
URETHRA
SEMINAL VESICLE
PROSTRATE GLAND
VAS DEFERENS
EPIDIDYMIS
TESTES
OVARY
OVIDUCT
UTERINE HORN
What is the relationship between the digestive system and the liver, and how is the circulatory system involved?
How are the kidneys associated with the circulatory system?
What properties of blood and vessels make them appropriate for the function of transporting nutrients and gases to and from various parts of the body?
Identify the pinned artery (rat with pin in left renal artery)?
CELIAC B. LEFT RENAL C. CAUDAL D. RIGH T FEMORAL E. ABDOMINAL AORTA A.
What is the function of the pinned part of the rat?
Are the two pinned parts of the rat antognistic?
Is the pinned part of the rat a retractor or a protractor?
Name each of the pinned parts of the rat?
Name and function of each labeled organ of the rat?
ADDUCTORS

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DORSAL

DORSAL Toward the upper surface (back)

VENTRAL toward the lower surface (belly)

DORSAL toward the upper surface (back)

POSTERIOR toward the tail

ANTERIOR toward the head

CAUDAL toward the tail

CRANIAL toward the head

PROXIMAL toward the end of the appendage nearest the body

MEDIAL toward the midline of the body

RAT SKELETON VS HUMAN SKELETON

RAT SKELETON VS HUMAN SKELETON

PARTS OF THE EAR

the NARES (nostrils) are at the anterior end of the head

Ventral to the base of the tail is the ANUS

the NICTITATING MEMBRANE is located at the inside corner of the EYE

Which bone is indicated by the pointer (rat with tape on scapula)?

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Which structure is most caudal on the rat?

Identify the pinned structure (rat with pin in tail)?

FLEXORS decrease the angle of a joint

EXTENSORS increase the angle of a joint

RETRACTORS move an appendage backward

ABDUCTORS move an appendage away from the midline of the body

SUPINATORS rotate the palm or bottom of foot upward

PROTRACTORS move an appendage forward

THORACIC CAVITY chest region

PRONATORS rotate the palm or bottom of foot downward

ABDOMINAL CAVITY belly region

ANTOGONISTIC MUSCLE PAIRS

Which muscle moves the skin?

Identify the pinned muscle (rat with pin in latissimus dorsi)?

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

In which body cavity would you find the heart?

Identify the pinned structure (rat with pin in descending colon)?

UROGENITAL SYSTEM: RAT VS HUMAN

FUNCTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS: MALE RATS VS FEMALE RATS

HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM

How are the kidneys associated with the circulatory system?

What is the function of the pinned part of the rat?

Are the two pinned parts of the rat antognistic?

Is the pinned part of the rat a retractor or a protractor?

Name each of the pinned parts of the rat?

Name and function of each labeled organ of the rat?

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