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    Prejudice

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    Reina
    This document discusses personality development and social relations. It defines stereotypes as overgeneralized beliefs about groups of people. Prejudice is a negative judgment of a group or its members based on their perceived attributes. Discrimination refers to negative behaviors toward a group. Racism and sexism include both prejudicial attitudes and institutional practices that promote inequality. Prejudice can stem from social sources like social inequalities, identity, and conformity, as well as emotional sources like frustration and personality traits. Cognitive sources of prejudice include how people categorize and make attributions about others. Reducing prejudice involves creating equal status relationships, mandating nondiscrimination, and removing institutional support for inequality.

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    Prejudice

    Uploaded by

    Reina
    135 views14 pages
    This document discusses personality development and social relations. It defines stereotypes as overgeneralized beliefs about groups of people. Prejudice is a negative judgment of a group or its members based on their perceived attributes. Discrimination refers to negative behaviors toward a group. Racism and sexism include both prejudicial attitudes and institutional practices that promote inequality. Prejudice can stem from social sources like social inequalities, identity, and conformity, as well as emotional sources like frustration and personality traits. Cognitive sources of prejudice include how people categorize and make attributions about others. Reducing prejudice involves creating equal status relationships, mandating nondiscrimination, and removing institutional support for inequality.

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    This document discusses personality development and social relations. It defines stereotypes as overgeneralized beliefs about groups of people. Prejudice is a negative judgment of a group or its members based on their perceived attributes. Discrimination refers to negative behaviors toward a group. Racism and sexism include both prejudicial attitudes and institutional practices that promote inequality. Prejudice can stem from social sources like social inequalities, identity, and conformity, as well as emotional sources like frustration and personality traits. Cognitive sources of prejudice include how people categorize and make attributions about others. Reducing prejudice involves creating equal status relationships, mandating nondiscrimination, and removing institutional support for inequality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    135 views14 pages

    Prejudice

    Uploaded by

    Reina
    This document discusses personality development and social relations. It defines stereotypes as overgeneralized beliefs about groups of people. Prejudice is a negative judgment of a group or its members based on their perceived attributes. Discrimination refers to negative behaviors toward a group. Racism and sexism include both prejudicial attitudes and institutional practices that promote inequality. Prejudice can stem from social sources like social inequalities, identity, and conformity, as well as emotional sources like frustration and personality traits. Cognitive sources of prejudice include how people categorize and make attributions about others. Reducing prejudice involves creating equal status relationships, mandating nondiscrimination, and removing institutional support for inequality.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Personality development and social relations

    Stereotype
    To generalize A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people Overgeneralized, inaccurate and resistant to new information

    Prejudice
    A negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members Biases us against a person based on the persons perceived group An attitude (Affect, Behavior tendency, Cognition)

    Prejudiced attitudes need not breed hostile acts, nor does all oppression spring from prejudice.

    discrimination Negative behavior toward a group or its members

    racism Individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race Institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race

    sexism Individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex Institutional practices that subordinate people of a given sex

    Even when there is no prejudicial intent

    Sources of prejudice
    Social sources Emotional sources Cognitive sources

    Social sources
    Social conditions that breed prejudice

    Social inequalities

    Unequal status (example, rich vs poor) Religion Stereotype threat: self-confirming apprehension that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

    Social identity
    Conformity Institutional supports

    The we aspect of self-concept Ingroup bias: tendency to favor ones own group (ingroup vs outgroup, we vs them)

    A change of behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure

    Often go unnoticed, not deliberate attempts to oppress a group (example, shampoo commercials always feature long-haired women) Reflect cultural assumptions

    Emotional sources
    Effects of emotions and personality factors on prejudice

    Frustration and aggression

    Scapegoat theory: displaced aggression (one person from the group is always blamed, or is the scapegoat) Realistic group conflict theory: prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources (example, competition for Best Feasib study)

    Personality dynamics/Socialization

    Need for status Ethnocentrism: belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic and cultural group, and a corresponding disdain for all other groups Authoritarian personality: as children, they often faced harsh discipline supposedly leading them to repress hostilities and project them to outgroups

    Cognitive sources
    How we think influence stereotypes

    Categorization

    Simplifies our environment Perceived similarities and differences Example, All men are polygamous

    Distinctiveness

    Distinctive people: when you are alone in the midst of people, you become more noticeable and object of more attention Distinctive cases: because of lack of information, we base our judgment on what we superficially know Illusory correlations: false impression that two variables correlate Example, All elderly people walk slow: age vs speed

    Attribution

    Group-serving bias: explaining away outgroup members positive behaviors, attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions Just-world phenomenon: tendency to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

    Reducing prejudice
    Seek to create cooperative, equal-status relationships Mandate nondiscrimination Pullout institutional support

    Thank you!
    Reference:

    Myers, D. (2002). Social psychology (2nd ed.). New York:McGrawHill.

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