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    DRRR Earthquake Hazards

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    gladys ambito
    This document provides information about earthquake hazards and safety procedures. It discusses the different layers of the Earth, types of earthquakes, and how their strength is described. Primary hazards include ground shaking, surface rupture, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Secondary hazards can be flooding, fire, or seiches. The document outlines what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, such as dropping, covering, and holding until shaking stops. It also provides safety tips if indoors, outdoors, in a vehicle, or trapped under debris during an earthquake.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    DRRR Earthquake Hazards

    Uploaded by

    gladys ambito
    3K views4 pages
    This document provides information about earthquake hazards and safety procedures. It discusses the different layers of the Earth, types of earthquakes, and how their strength is described. Primary hazards include ground shaking, surface rupture, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Secondary hazards can be flooding, fire, or seiches. The document outlines what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, such as dropping, covering, and holding until shaking stops. It also provides safety tips if indoors, outdoors, in a vehicle, or trapped under debris during an earthquake.

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    Hazards (Earthquake) what do to?

    Original Title

    DRRR EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

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    This document provides information about earthquake hazards and safety procedures. It discusses the different layers of the Earth, types of earthquakes, and how their strength is described. Primary hazards include ground shaking, surface rupture, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Secondary hazards can be flooding, fire, or seiches. The document outlines what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, such as dropping, covering, and holding until shaking stops. It also provides safety tips if indoors, outdoors, in a vehicle, or trapped under debris during an earthquake.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views4 pages

    DRRR Earthquake Hazards

    Uploaded by

    gladys ambito
    This document provides information about earthquake hazards and safety procedures. It discusses the different layers of the Earth, types of earthquakes, and how their strength is described. Primary hazards include ground shaking, surface rupture, liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Secondary hazards can be flooding, fire, or seiches. The document outlines what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, such as dropping, covering, and holding until shaking stops. It also provides safety tips if indoors, outdoors, in a vehicle, or trapped under debris during an earthquake.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

     Ground shaking
     Ground surface rupture
     Liquefaction
     Tsunami
     Earthquake induced landslide

    EARTH
    • Divided into three layers;
    • Core – hottest and innermost layer
    » Asthenosphere – inner layer (hotter)
    » Lithosphere – outer layer
    • Mantle – thick second layer
    • Crust – thinner layer covering the mantle

    EARTHQUAKE
     Violent shaking of the ground produce by sudden movement of the rock materials below
    the earth surface.
     Natural phenomena brought about by slow but powerful motions within the earth.

    TYPES OF NATURAL EARTHQUAKES


     TECTONIC - Produced by sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries.
     VOLCANIC - Produced by movement of magma beneath volcanoes.

    TERMS TO REMEMBER
     Fault or fault plane - Where the ground split
     Hypocenter - Where the earthquake originates
     Epicenter - Where it occurs at the earth surface
     Convergent Boundary - When one plate is force over another during earthquake
     Divergent Boundary - When plates drifted apart from each other
     Transform fault - When plates slip by each other

    WAYS OF DESCRIBING THE STRENGTH OF EARTHQUAKE


     Intensity - Earthquake’s property that indicates the effects and damage caused by
     Magnitude - A value that tells the reader the amount of seismic energy released by an
    earthquake
    PIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology And Seismology) - the agency mandated to
    monitor earthquake in the Philippines

    EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
    PRIMARY HAZARDS
     GROUND SHAKING - The disruptive up and down and sideways motion experienced
    during earthquake.
    Ground shaking is measured in:
    1. Velocity of ground motion
    2. Acceleration of ground motion
    3. Frequency of the shaking
    4. Duration

     GROUND/SURFACE RUPTURE
    The creation of new or the renewed movements of old fractures, oftentimes with the two
    blocks on both sides moving in opposite directions

     LIQUEFACTION
    Process that transform the behavior of a body of sediment from that of a solid to that of a
    liquid.

     LANDSLIDE
    A large mass of rocks and earth that suddenly and quickly moves down the side of a mountain
    hill.
     Caused by heavy rains.
     Over-steeped slopes created by erosion.

    SECONDARY HAZARDS
     TSUNAMI - “Harbor Wave” or “Seismic Sea Wave”
    Mostly refer to a tidal wave.
    The earthquake which originates under the ocean and can cause great destruction when it
    reaches the land.
     There are 2 types of tsunami:
     Locally generated tsunamis – caused by earthquakes from nearby
    trenches
     Far-field tsunamis – earthquake from sources that are located farther
    from the impact.

     SIGN OF IMPENDING TSUNAMI


    1. Animal Behavior
    2. Drawback
    3. Sound similar to an incoming train

     FLOODINGS
    A large amount of water covering an area of land that is usually dry.
    When there’s an earthquake and it breaks a dam, the water will flow out that could cause
    massive flooding.

     SEICHE
    A standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water.
    The standing wave is a superposition of waves that travels the whole length of the water and
    the reflected back in the opposite direction.
     FIRE
    Can be a result of earthquake. This could happens after when some candles were tipped over.
    Also from ignition such as gas lines, electrical wires and other utility wires.

     SHORT TERM FOR HAZARDS


    • Ground shaking – shake
    • Ground rupture – cut
    • Liquefaction – very soft soil
    • Landslide – slope failure
    • Tsunami - waves

     BASIC TERMS
    • Seismology – scientific study of earthquake
    • Seismic – pertaining to earthquake
    • Seismograph – instrument to measure earthquake
    • Seismogram – record of earthquake
    • Aftershock – following the main shock
    • Foreshock – before the main shock

    WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING & AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE


     BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE
    • Be familiar with the dangerous spots inside offices/rooms.
    • Be careful with the things which may harm people during earthquake.
    • Fix faulty electrical wiring, leaky gas connection and fasten shelves.
    • Identify safe places indoors and outdoors.

     DURING THE EARTHQUAKE


    • DROP/DUCK to the ground.
    • COVER and you may hide under a sturdy table or piece of furniture for protection from
    falling debris.
    • HOLD that position and stay wherever you are until the shaking stops and you cannot
    feel the ground movement anymore.

     IF OUTDOORS:
    • Move away from building and streetlights.
    • Immediately proceed to an open area.
    • Once in an open, stay there and do not go near buildings and tall infrastructures to avoid
    falling debris.

     IF IN MOVING VEHICLE:
    • Stop as quickly as safety permits.
    • Avoid stopping near buildings, overpasses, bridges or ramps which may have been
    damaged by the earthquake.
    • If you’re in a CROWDED STORE or OTHER PUBLIC PLACE, do not rush for exists.
    • Move away from display shelves containing objects that could fall.
     IF TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS:
    • Cover your mouth with handkerchief.
    • Create noises by tapping pipes or walls for rescuers to locate you.
    • Do not shout. It is just a last option because it may cause you to inhale dangerous
    amount of dust.

     AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE


    • Listen to battery-operated radio or TV for updates of aftershock.
    • Stay away from damaged area.
    • Stay away from beach if living in a coastal area. Be aware of possible tsunami.
    • Landslide are also possible for mountainous areas as well as ground rupture.
    • Do not use your telephone to call relatives and friends. Disaster prevention authorities
    may need the lines for emergency communications.
    • Do not use your car and drive around disaster stricken areas.
    • Check your water and electrical lines.

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