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    Japanese Technical Standards PDF

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    Felora Mangawang
    The document discusses Japanese technical standards for railways. It explains that technical standards in Japan were revised in 2002 to be more performance-based rather than specification-based. This gives railway companies more flexibility to innovate while still prioritizing safety. The national government sets overall technical standards through ordinances, and companies must meet or exceed these through their own implementation standards. The revision aims to respect company autonomy while ensuring safety as technologies advance.

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    Japanese Technical Standards PDF

    Uploaded by

    Felora Mangawang
    467 views17 pages
    The document discusses Japanese technical standards for railways. It explains that technical standards in Japan were revised in 2002 to be more performance-based rather than specification-based. This gives railway companies more flexibility to innovate while still prioritizing safety. The national government sets overall technical standards through ordinances, and companies must meet or exceed these through their own implementation standards. The revision aims to respect company autonomy while ensuring safety as technologies advance.

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    The document discusses Japanese technical standards for railways. It explains that technical standards in Japan were revised in 2002 to be more performance-based rather than specification-based. This gives railway companies more flexibility to innovate while still prioritizing safety. The national government sets overall technical standards through ordinances, and companies must meet or exceed these through their own implementation standards. The revision aims to respect company autonomy while ensuring safety as technologies advance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    467 views17 pages

    Japanese Technical Standards PDF

    Uploaded by

    Felora Mangawang
    The document discusses Japanese technical standards for railways. It explains that technical standards in Japan were revised in 2002 to be more performance-based rather than specification-based. This gives railway companies more flexibility to innovate while still prioritizing safety. The national government sets overall technical standards through ordinances, and companies must meet or exceed these through their own implementation standards. The revision aims to respect company autonomy while ensuring safety as technologies advance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that Japan has 7 major railway companies including 6 passenger companies and 1 freight company. The companies independently operate different parts of the railway network which includes Shinkansen, conventional, and mini-Shinkansen lines.

    The different railway companies in Japan are the Hokkaido, East Japan, Central Japan, West Japan, Shikoku, Kyushu Railway Companies which operate passenger rail services. The Japan Freight Railway Company operates freight services. The passenger companies also own and maintain the railway infrastructure.

    The railway network in Japan is classified as Shinkansen (high speed), conventional, and mini-Shinkansen lines. Shinkansen lines allow trains to run over 200km/h along most of the route. Conventional lines include other non-Shinkansen lines. Mini-Shinkansen lines use converted conventional tracks but are classified as conventional.

    Japanese Technical

    Standards
    Naoto YANASE
    UIC, Senior Advisor High Speed
    JR Group Paris Office, Deputy Director
    Paris, France

    Shinkansen operation: JR companies

    JR companies are private companies and successors of Japanese National


    Railways
    Passenger companies are also infrastructure owners.
    All companies are independently administered.
    6 passenger railway companies
    +
    1 freight railway company
    +
    Other companies

    Central Japan Railway Company


    West Japan Railway Company
    Shikoku Railway Company
    Kyushu Railway Company

    Network length
    Shinkansen (1435mm)
    12%

    Conventional
    (1067mm)
    86%

    Hokkaido Railway Company)


    East Japan Railway Company

    Japan Freight Railway Company

    Mini-Shinkansen
    (Conventional)
    (1435mm)
    1%

    Total 12,483 miles (19,973km)

    Railway Technical Research Institute


    JR Information System
    Japan Telecom (now, Soft Bank Telecom)

    Definition of Shinkansen
    a main line on which a train is able to run at over 200km/h* along
    almost all the route (Nationwide Shinkansen Railway Development
    *200km/h: 125mph
    Act)
    Mini-shinkansen routes with converted conventional lines are legally
    conventional lines.

    Shinkansen

    Mini-Shinkansen
    (Photo: running on Shinkansen track)

    Shinkansen

    : High speed rail in Japan

    Conventional
    line: Other than Shinkansen, including Mini-Shinkansen
    3/17

    Technical standards for Japanese Railways


    Mandatory

    Railway Operations Law


    Laws
    Ordinance of the
    Ministry for Technical
    Standards for Railway

    Technical Standards
    Guidelines

    Interpretation Criteria

    by the Government

    These rules are applied both for


    Shinkansen and conventional lines.
    Railway companies have to set their own criteria,
    Implementation Standards, based on the above.

    Suggestion

    Technical Standards for Japanese Railways


    After revision
    Mandatory

    Before revision
    Laws

    REVISED
    in March, 2002

    Laws
    Technical Standards

    Technical Standards
    Guidelines
    the reference to create operators
    Suggestion as
    implementation standards

    Laws and Ordinances covered


    many rules in detail.

    Laws and Ordinances covered


    only principles of the rules.

    Specification standards

    Performance standards

    Technical Standards for Japanese Railways


    Before
    revision

    Mandatory

    Now
    Laws

    Laws
    Technical Standards

    Technical Standards
    Guidelines
    Rules of Conventional Railways Structure
    Rules of Shinkansen Railways Structure
    Rules of Conventional Railways Operation
    Rules of Shinkansen Railways Operation
    Rules of Special Railways Structure

    Total No. of articles

    217

    Suggestion

    80
    248
    98
    169

    812

    Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical


    Standards for Railway
    120

    Total No. of articles 120

    Example of the Revision


    (In the case of radius of curve)
    Before the Revision
    Rules of Shinkansen Railways Structure (Ordinance of the
    Ministry
    Article 9. The minimum radius of curve of the main track shall be
    2500 meters. In prohibitive cases from the standpoint of topography,
    it could be 400 meters, taking train speed into consideration.

    Example of the Revision


    (In the case of radius of curve)
    After the Revision
    Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical Standard for Railway
    Article 14. Radius of curvature shall be set in order not to impair safe car
    operations, taking the performance capability of negotiating a curve, the
    operation speed, and other relevant factors into consideration.

    Interpretation Criteria
    Concerning Article 14. Radius of curve of the Shinkansen main track shall
    be 400 meters or more.

    Interpretation Criteria is only the guideline - You do not need


    to follow these criteria if you can prove that operations
    are safe.

    Structure of technical standards between the


    government and railway companies
    Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

    Ordinance of the Ministry


    for Technical Standards for Railway
    Railway companies
    Reference
    Implementation
    Standard

    Interpretation Criteria
    (No legal force)

    Notification
    (Internal) Design
    standard etc.

    Why did the Government revise the system?


    Unchangeable principle : Safety as the top priority
    Based on this principle, the autonomy of railway companies should
    be respected.
    The former laws and ordinances described the details.
    It was impossible for railway companies to change their rules
    by introducing new technologies.
    The system of standards had been a barrier to improving
    safety & service quality (that is, customer satisfaction).
    As a result, railway companies

    - can adapt more easily to the progress of technologies.


    - Must instead take responsibility for the results.

    Change Rules for Implementation Standards


    Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

    Ordinance of the Ministry


    for Technical Standards for Railway
    Railway companies
    Interpretation Criteria

    Reference

    (No legal force)

    Notification

    Implementation
    Standard

    Actually they are nearly the same at the first stage


    Railway companies can change the Implementation Standards,
    even if the change will not meet the Interpretation Criteria,
    ONLY WHEN they can show the Ministry that the safety level will not decrease.

    Structure of Ordinance
    Ordinance of the Ministry for Technical Standards for Railway
    Chapter 1 General Rule
    Chapter 2 Staff
    Chapter 3 Guide Way
    Chapter 4 Station and Halt
    Chapter 5 Intersection with Road
    Chapter 6 Electric Line Facilities
    Chapter 7 Operation Safety Facilities
    Chapter 8 Rolling Stock
    Chapter 9 Maintenance of Facilities and Rolling Stock
    Chapter 10 Train Operation

    Structure &
    maintenance
    of
    facilities & rolling stock

    Particular rules for Shinkansen in Ordinance


    Mandatory
    Laws

    Ordinance of the Ministry for


    Technical Standards for Railway

    Technical Standards

    There is no big difference between Shinkansen


    and Conventional lines EXCEPT

    Guidelines

    Suggestion

    Article 25. Shinkansen guide way shall be equipped with the devices to abate extreme
    noises generated from the high-speed operation, depending upon the situation or
    condition along the right of way.
    Article 31. 2. Adequate devices shall be installed for Shinkansen to prevent persons
    from entering guide ways, except those areas such as bridges, tunnels and other hard
    to trespass structures.
    Article 39. Shinkansen railway shall not intersect with roads at grade.
    Article 71. Rolling stock to be used by Shinkansen shall abate extreme noise generated
    from high-speed operations. However, rolling stock used for accident recovery, testing of
    facilities, and inspection or maintenance is exempt from this standard.

    Structure of technical standards in railway


    companies
    Railway companies
    Implementation Standard
    (Internal) Design standard etc.

    Example in rolling stock


    Ordinance
    (government)

    Rolling stock must not exceed the loading gauge. B

    Imprementation
    standard
    (Railway co.)

    Rolling stock must not exceed the loading gauge at B(conditions), Beven
    with maximum load,B.

    Internal standard
    (Railway co.)

    B. Maximum load for Shinkansen must be assumed with 200% of


    passengers at seat capacity, 60kg per person, B

    Shinkansen loading gauge on


    a straight track

    JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)


    Some internal standards require the conformity of JIS

    Certification of conformity to the


    national technical standard
    National government issues the certification of technical
    conformity.
    National government can certify Certified railway company.

    Certified railway company


    It is delegated authority from the government by the
    deregulation.
    It makes it possible to certify the conformity to the standard
    by qualified people inside the railway company.
    Some important parts remain to be certified by the
    government (braking system etc.)
    15/19

    High speed and law, Cases in Japan / 24 June 2010

    Remarks
    The Japanese government and operators have modified the standard
    system so that laws / ordinances would not disturb each railway
    companys efforts to enhance the safety and the service quality,
    respecting companies autonomy.
    Based on the Technical Standards and Guidelines, railway
    companies shall set their own Implementation Standards.
    Railway companies have obtained much more freedom and
    responsibility to set high levels of safety and quality of service. This
    situation will support and motivate them to survive the competition
    with other transportation modes.

    Thank you very much


    for your attention

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