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    Gross Brain Overview: Part II: Basic Neuroscience

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    Dandali
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    Gross Brain Overview: Part II: Basic Neuroscience

    Uploaded by

    Dandali
    35 views66 pages
    Anatomy lecture

    Original Title

    Gross Brain 2

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    Anatomy lecture

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    35 views66 pages

    Gross Brain Overview: Part II: Basic Neuroscience

    Uploaded by

    Dandali
    Anatomy lecture

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 66

    Gross Brain Overview: Part II

    Basic Neuroscience James H. Baos, Ph.D.

    Overview

    Organization
    Morphology Developmental/Evolutionary Cytoarchitectural

    3-D Orientation to Internal Structures

    How do we organize and characterize different parts of the brain?

    How do we organize and characterize different parts of the brain?


    Morphology Developmental/Evolutionary Origins Cytoarchitecture Function

    Morphology: External Features

    Frog

    Rat

    Whats changing?
    Cat

    Monkey Human

    Sulci - The valleys on the surface of the brain Gyri - The Hills

    The term gyrus is sometimes used broadly and doesnt always refer to a single well-defined ridge on the surface of the brain. The distinctions between large gyri are sometimes better seen in coronal sections.

    Hemispheres

    Longitudinal Fissure

    Lobes
    Central (Rolandic) Sulcus

    Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

    Parieto-occipital fissure

    Lobes
    Frontal
    Parietal Temporal Occipital

    Cingulate Gyrus Limbic Lobe

    Brain Stem
    Thalamus Hypothalamus

    Midbrain
    Pons Medulla

    Cerebellum: Superior Aspect

    2 Hemispheres Vermis

    Ant

    Cerebellum: Posterior Aspect

    Anterior Lobe Primary Fissure Posterior Lobe

    Hemisphere

    Vermis Hemisphere

    Cerebellum: Mid-Saggital

    Anterior Vermis

    Posterior Vermis

    Developmental and Evolutionary Origins: The Cephalons

    Developmental Origins
    Three Vessicle Stage

    Areas of the Brain can be characterized by the embryonic origins of the tissue. Nervous system begins as a tube that differentiates into three vessicles:

    Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon

    Developmental Origins

    Prosencephalon differentiates:

    Five Vessicle Stage

    Telencephalon -- beginnings of hemispheres Diencephalon

    Rhombencehphalon differentiates

    Metencephalon Meyelencephalon

    We use this terminology to describe the parts of the brain that develop from these vessicles

    Developmental Origins

    Prosencephalon (forebrain) Telencephalon (endbrain) Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Hippocampus Diencephalon (interbrain) Thalamus Hypothalamus

    Mesencephalon

    Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) Metencephalon Myelencephalon

    Mesencephalon

    Midbrain

    Cerebellum Pons

    Medulla

    Organization

    Telencephalon
    Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Hippocampus

    Organization

    Diencephalon
    Thalamus Hypothalamus

    Organization

    Mesencephalon

    Midbrain

    Organization

    Metencephalon
    Cerebellum Pons

    Organization

    Myelencephalon

    Medulla

    Cytoarchitectural Organization

    Brodmanns Areas

    QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompre ssor are neede d to see this picture.

    Internal Structure

    Major Internal Structures


    Ventricular System Amygdala (helpful landmark) Thalamus/Hypothalamus/brain stem Basal Ganglia


    Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Hippocampus Fimbria Fornix Corpus callosum Internal capsule

    Hippocampal formation

    Major white matter landmarks


    Evolution and Development


    Frog

    Rat

    Cat

    Monkey Human

    Evolution and Development


    Frog

    Rat

    Cat

    Monkey Human

    Evolution and Development


    Ventricles Basal Ganglia

    QuickTime and a TIFF (Un compressed) decompressor are neede d to se e this picture.

    Hippocampus

    QuickTime and a TIFF (Un compressed) decompressor are neede d to see this picture.

    Evolution and Development


    Why not the thalamus?

    The Ventricular System

    Ventricles

    Lateral Ventricles

    Third Ventricle

    Fourth Ventricle

    Ventricles

    Ventricles are connected (communicate)

    Intraventricular Foramina (of Monroe)


    Lateral Ventricles to Third Ventricle Wide, oval hole Third Ventricle to Fourth Long, thin channel Median aperture -- Fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space Lateral apertures -- Fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space

    Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)


    Foramen of Magendie

    Foramina of Luschka

    Ventricles

    Foramen of Monroe Aqueduct of Sylvius

    Foramina of Luschka Foramen of Magendie

    Ventricles

    QuickTime an d a Microsoft Video 1 decompresso r are need ed to see this p icture .

    Ventricles

    QuickTime an d a Microsoft Video 1 decompresso r are need ed to see this p icture .

    Ventricles

    QuickTime an d a Microsoft Video 1 decompresso r are need ed to see this p icture .

    Ventricles

    Choroid Plexus and CSF

    Choroid Plexus
    Spongy tissue located in the ventricles Rich capillary bed Pia Mater Choroid endothelial cells

    Produces CSF
    About .35 ml per minute Total volume 70-120 ml

    Choroid Plexus

    CSF Flow

    Lateral ventricles Foramina of Monroe 3rd ventricle Aqueduct of Sylvius 4th Ventricle Foramen of Magendie/foramina of Lushka Subarachnoid Space Arachnoid granulations (absorption) Superior sagittal sinus

    CSF Flow

    CSF Absorption

    CSF flows to the dorsal surface of the brain, where arachnoid granulations form a one-way valve and let the excess CSF enter the veinous drainage of the superior sagittal sinus

    CSF Absorption

    Arachnoid Granulations

    Ventricular System plus Amygdala

    Ventricular System plus Thalamus

    Ventricular System plus Thalamus

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    Ventricles, Brainstem, and Thalamus

    Ventricles, Brainstem, and Thalamus

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Basal Ganglia -- Caudate Nucleus

    Basal Ganglia

    Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Sometimes Amygdala

    Basal Ganglia -- Caudate Nucleus

    Basal Ganglia -- Caudate Nucleus

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Basal Ganglia -- Caudate Nucleus

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Basal Ganglia -- Putamen & Globus Pallidus

    Basal Ganglia -- Putamen & Globus Pallidus

    Quic kTim e and a Microsoft Video 1 decompres sor are needed to see this picture.

    Basal Ganglia

    Basal Ganglia

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Basal Ganglia

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Internal Capsule

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Hippocampus

    Hippocampal formation Fimbria Fornix Anterior Commissure Amygdala

    Hippocampus

    Hippocampus

    Quic kTim e and a Micros of t Video 1 decompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

    Coming up

    Spinal cord Basic Spinal Pathways

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