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    W1 L1 Pituitary Gland ICA

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    W1 L1 Pituitary Gland ICA

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    3 views29 pages

    W1 L1 Pituitary Gland ICA

    Uploaded by

    ngp46m8gr5

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29

    Level 2

    Semester 4
    Module (endocrine)
    Pituitary gland
    And
    Internal carotid artery
    PITUITARY GLAND
    (HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI)
    It is referred to as the master of endocrine
    glands.
    It is a small oval structure 1 cm in diameter.
    It doubles its size during pregnancy.

    • Endocrine gland

    • lies in the hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

    • Consists of 2 lobes (large anterior lobe and


    small posterior lobe).
    POSITION
    It lies in the middle cranial
    fossa It is well protected in sella turcica
    (hypophyseal fossa) of body of sphenoid

    Sella turcica
    Optic chiasma
    Mamillary body

    Body of sphenoid

     it lies between Optic chiasma (anteriorly) & Mamillary


    bodies (posteriorly).
    IMPORTANT RELATIONS

    SUPERIOR: Diaphragma sellae


    INFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinuses
    LATERAL: Cavernous sinuses
    Diaphragma sellae : A fold of dura mater covers the pituitary
    gland & has an opening for passage of infundibulum (pituitary
    stalk) connecting the gland to hypothalamus.
    Summary of pituitary relations:
    1. Superior : Diaphragma sellae , Optic chiasma and
    infundibulum connecting the pituitary gland to
    hypothalamus.

    2. Below: Body of sphenoid & Sphenoidal air sinuses.

    3. Posterior : Dorsum sellae and brain stem.

    4.Anterior : Tuberculum sellae is the anterior wall of the


    pituitary fossa.

    5.On each side: Cavernous sinus containing internal


    carotid artery and abducent nerve.
    SUBDIVISIONS OF PITUITARY GLAND

    Hypothalamo-hypophyseal
    tract

    The gland is subdivided into:


    Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis): it is the True gland, Secretes
    hormones
    Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis): connected to hypothalamus
    through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, Stores hormones secreted
    by hypothalamic nuclei
    BLOOD SUPPLY OF PITUITARY GLAND

    ARTERIES: Superior & Inferior hypophyseal arteries (branches


    from Internal Carotid artery)
    VEINS: Hypophyseal veins drain into Cavernous Sinuses.
    DISTRIBUTION OF ARTERIES

    a hypothalamo-
    hypophseal
    portal vessel

    Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from


    which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary
    gland (hypophyseal portal system).
    Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
    ANTERIOR LOBE
    Hormone-releasing & inhibiting
    factors produced by hypothalamus
    use Hypophyseal Portal System of
    vessels to reach the Anterior lobe of
    pituitary gland
    POSTERIOR LOBE
    The Neurohypophysis receives a nerve
    supply from some of the hypothalamic
    nuclei (supraoptic & paraventricular)
    The axons of these nuclei convey their
    neurosecretion to the Posterior lobe of
    pituitary gland through Hypothalamo-
    Hypophyseal tract from where it passes
    into the blood stream.
    Internal carotid artery
    INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
    Origin & termination:
    • Arises from CCA opposite the upper
    border of thyroid cartilage
    • and ends at the base of brain, lateral to
    the optic chisma by dividing into
    anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
    • At its beginning it shows a localized
    dilatation called the carotid sinus.
    Internal carotid artery

     Course:
    • 1) cervical part: Ascends in the neck embedded in the
    carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and
    vagus nerve.
    • At first it lies superficially; it then passes deep to the
    parotid salivary gland

    • 2) intrapetrous part: Leaves the neck by passing into


    the cranial cavity through the carotid canal in the
    petrous part of the temporal bone. Passing upwards,
    forwards and medially
    • Finally reaches the cranial cavity through the foramen
    lacerum
    Internal carotid artery
    3-Intercavernous part: at the upper end of
    f.lacerum ,
    I.C.A pierce the post wall of the cavernous sinus
    ,then it run inside the cavity of the sinus
    ,then it curves upwards to pierce the roof of the
    sinus

    4-Intercranial part: after emerging from the roof


    of the cavernous sinus ,I.C.A bends upward above
    the sinus ,below the optic nerve .till it reaches
    the ant.perforated substance of the brain
    where it ends by dividing into its two terminal
    branches.
    Relations:
    • (a)cervical part:
    • Anterolaterally:
    • Below the digastric : skin, fascia, anterior border of the
    sternomastoid, and hypoglossal nerve
    • Above the digastric: stylohyoid and stylopharyngeus muscles,
    glossopharyngeal nerve, pharyngeal branch of vagus, parotid
    gland, and external carotid artery
    • Posteriorly: sympathetic trunk , longus capitis muscle, and
    transverse processes of upper three cervical vertebrae
    • Medially: pharyngeal wall and superior laryngeal nerve
    • Laterally: internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
    Relations:
    • (b)Intra petrous part:
     The ICA lies infront of the middle& internal ear
    cavities.
     It is surrounded by 2 plexuses:
    • (a) venous plexus.
    • (b) plexus of symp.fibers derived
    from
    • internal carotid nerve.
    Relations:

    • (C) intracavernous part:

     Medially: body of sphenoid(contaning


    sph.air.sinuses)
    • &Pituitary gland.
     Laterally: Abducent nerve.
    •
    occlumotor,trochlear,opthalamic&maxillary
    nn.
    • (embded in the lat.wall)
     Antrosuperiorly: optic n.
    Relations:

    • (d) Intra cranial part:


    • After emerging from the cavernous sinus ,
    passes upward again medial to the anterior
    clinoid process of the sphenoid bone.
    • Inclines backward, lateral to the optic
    chiasma, and terminates by dividing into the
    anterior and the middle cerebral arteries.
    Branches of ICA:
    • 1) cervical part:
    • It gives off no branches in the neck
    (boy)
    • 2) intrapetrous part:
    • 1-2 caroticotympanic arteries to the
    middle ear cavity
    • Small branch to the pterygoid canal
    • 3) cavernous part:
    • Superior and inferior hypophyseal
    arteries
    • Meningeal branches
    Branches of ICA:

    • 4) intracranial part:

    • Ophthalmic artery.
    • Posterior communicating artery.
    • Anterior choroidal artery.
    • Anterior cerebral artery.
    • Middle cerebral artery.

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