Internet: SAK3002 - Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications
Chapter
INTERNET
Chapter 5
SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application
Objectives of this chapter:

You can
Discuss the history of the Internet
Explain how to access and connect to the Internet
Describe the types of Web sites
Imagine the future of the internet
Chapter 5
Overview
This chapter covers

Introduction History Internet Software Internet Services Future of the Internet
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5.1 Introduction
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Introduction
What is the Internet?

The largest network of networks in the world Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching Runs on any communications substrate
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Introduction (contd)
Also called the Net One huge global interconnected networks that comprised millions of computers A world-wide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individual Internet services widely use World Wide Web & e-mail
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A technology to link LAN network to a bigger network Every computer in the network can directly share data and information with other computers Internet Service Provider (ISP) are responsible to provide Internet services: Examples: Jaring, MIMOS, TMNet, Telekom, Maxis.net , Time Telekom
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Galactic Network
A network that is connected globally where each computers are able to retrieve data directly and share information Every computer on the internet has an IP address (similar to a telephone number) and it is able to exchange data directly with other computers by dialing the computers address The Internet uses packet switching concept where data sent are divided into smaller units known as packets Each unit of packet has a number and destination address
Chapter 5
Interoperability
The Internet allows every computer in a network to operate even tough each remote computers are of different brands and models or in a cross-platform network. For example, a user can contact other computers like MAC, Windors PC, UNIX Machine and Mainframe using MAC. Telnet is an example of an Internet service where a user can access a remote computer in a network after keying in login and password
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How to connect to the Internet?

Slow-speed technology
Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
High-speed connection
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem, fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on whenever the computer is running
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All computers have a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. All computers use TCP/IP protocol to communicate. Requires communication device like modem, ISDN adapter, Ethernet card, telephone line Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a local computer Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a remote computer
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TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) a combined set of protocols that tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet. TCP monitors and ensures correct transfer of data. IP receives the data from TCP, breaks it up into packets, and ships it off to a network within the Internet.
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Each Internet services require different protocols. Examples like FTP and HTTP sit on top of TCP/IP. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) accessed using FTP browser or DOS prompt HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) accessed using Web Browser POP3 and SMTP accessed using Mail Browser
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Role of ISP
Access is provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) i.e. Jaring, TMNet. ISP provides a back bone to the network either:
PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) or SONET (Synchronized Optical Network)
ISP also provide domain name registration for each organization.

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What is a domain name?
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address

Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
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Communication Link
Shell Access Usually by free shell account providers used for textbased email, IRC. Modem and phone line temporary IP Computer providers that connect to the Internet (not directly connect to Internet) Dial-up Point-to-Point (PPP) Modem, phone line, ISDN adapter temporary IP Computer Internet
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Cable/Satellites Dial-up with modem and phone line temporary IP. Faster transmission rate. Leased Line Modem and dedicated line fixed IP. Usually to host Internet/Web Server. Support Extranet (external Internet) i.e. Sony Malaysia and Sony Japan.
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How the Internet Works

How might data travel the Internet using a cable modem connection?
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5.2 History
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History
1962
Started from Lickders Galactic Network idea that introduced the concept of Packet Switching. RAND researchers concluded that Packet Switching was the best concept
1968
Lawrence G Roberts from DARPA formulated the specifications for Advanced Research Agency Network (ARPANET)
1969
ARPANET connected 4 computers in California and Utah, connecting university and research center with the Department of Defence (DoD) - USA
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History (contd)
1973
ARPANET became an international network
1981
ARPANET connected 213 computers
1984
Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 1000
1987
Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 10,000
Chapter 5
History (contd)
Packet Switching In 1962, Galactic Network introduced the concept of packet-switching, a new technology to transfer information between 2 distant computers Packet-switching technology will break each message/data into smaller unit called packets for speedy and guaranteed delivery Each packet carries a unique identification number and the destination address
Chapter 5
History (contd)
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) In 1968, L.G. Roberts from DARPA institute published a specification for Advanced Research Agency Network (ARPANET) In 1969, ARPANET successfully connected 4 research computers in California & Utah E-mail services was introduced in 1972 people exchange text messages across a long distance In 1973, ARPANET become international network
Chapter 5
History (contd)

By 1981, ARPANET has 213 inter-connected computers called the Internet In 1982, ARPANET was taken by DARPA and given to NSF (National Science Foundation) In 1983, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was introduced by Kahn & Cerf By 1984 the network has grown to 1,000 computers and increased to 10,000 in the following 3 years
Chapter 5
History (contd)
World Wide Web (WWW) In 1989, a researcher named Tim Berners-Lee proposed the idea WWW while working at CERN (a physics laboratory in Europe) In 1993, a group of professors and students at the University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) release mosaic the first graphically based web browser
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History (contd)
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Also called the Web
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

Chapter 5 SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application
5.3 Internet Software
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Internet Software
Internet software allows user to use the services provided by the Internet
1. Web Browser Allows user to view web page and browse Internet sites
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Internet Software - www
Example of Web browser

Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape
Mozilla
Firefox
Opera
Safari
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Internet Software - www
How does a Web browser display a home page?

Step 2.
Web browser looks up the home page setting
Step 3.
The Web browser communicates with the ISPs server to retrieve the IP address. The IP address is sent to your computer.
Step 1.
Click the Web browser program name
Step 4.
The home page displays in the Web browser
Chapter 5
Internet Software (contd)

2. Pager A software that allows a individual user to communicate with other Internet users. Each user has to have the same software in their computer and register at a certain website for them to obtain an unique identity or ID The user can then use this software by adding in other users ID in his/her pager software to be able to know whether the other user is online on the Internet
It is usually used to communicate with other known individual; as the user needs to know the other users ID Examples of pager softwares - Yahoo Messenger, ICQ and MSN Messenger etc Some softwares such as Skype also allows user to communicate via telephone, using Internet as the intermediary medium
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3. E-Mail A software that allows user to read, write and store e-mails Examples of e-mail software Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express, Netscape Messenger and Mozilla Thunderbird 4. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) A software that allows user to use Internet Relay Chat services (Real-time Chat). An examples of IRC software mIRC

5. Download Manager Allow users to download files to their computers It can continue to download the file if the user decide to continue downloading at a later time, or if the user got disconnected and connected again from the network, without having to start the download again from the beginning of the file However, to continue downloading from where you stop depends on the server that hosts the file(s). Note that not all server support this process The software is also capable of searching other server that hosts the same file(s), which is faster and/or closer to the users location. E.g. FlashGet, Download Accelerator Plus, Godzilla and RealNetwork download manager

6. Internet Music Player Capable of playing music from the internet Some web pages like radio or tv stations web sites, provide a web based audio and/or video broadcasting/streaming through the internet. It can only be viewed using special software Among the popular software are RealPlayer and Microsoft Media Player This technology of listening/viewing audio/video through the internet is called Streaming
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5.4 Internet Services
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Internet Services
1. E-mail Used to send messages digitally through the internet Every message delivery should have: address of the recipient, address of the sender, subject of the message and body of the message Email operations include - reply, forward, delete, save and print Email will take a few seconds to be sent, it will be stored in the recipients email server until the recipient retrieves it. Then the recipient may reply, forward, delete, save or print the email
Internet Services (contd)

[email protected]
User name/ID: azuramasura Domain name: jpa Top-level domain: .gov Two-letter country extension: .my
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Other Internet Services

Step 1.
Using e-mail software, you create and send message
Step 2.
Your software contacts software on your ISPs outgoing mail server
How does an e-mail message travel?

Step 4.
When recipient uses e-mail software to check for e-mail messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipients computer
Step 3.
Software on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to recipients incoming mail server SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application
Chapter 5

2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is a protocol used to transfer (download or upload) files between computers on the internet. FTP Client software can be used on PCs to connect to FTP server. 2 types of modes to transfer files using FTP are: ACII (text files) Binary (usually programs, graphics and basically all other file types other than text)

Usually username and password is required to login to FTP service on a FTP server Anonymous FTP is one way to connect to FTP server without having to identify yourself. Anonymous FTP example: Type the following command on a DOS prompt ftp ftp.jaring.my Enter the following username an password when asked Login: anonymous or Anonymous Passwd: <enter your email address>
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3. Newsgroup/Message boards

Newsgroup
Online area where users discuss a particular subject

Type of discussion group Many Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use
Message board
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4. Chat Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest Instant Messaging Example: mIRC, Yahoo Messanger, Skype, MSN Messanger etc
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5. Internet Telephony Real-time audio and video technology, such as Voice Over IP (VoIP) and Video Conferencing is getting more popular VoIP techology uses three methods: PC-to-PC Using sound card, microphone and computer Phone-to-PC Phone-to-Phone Using Telephones that support VoIP The quality is not guaranteed (No QoS), There are noise and echo. All calls are charged as local calls.
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6. Telnet Allows users to login to remote computers using valid username and password. Users need to have an account on the remote computer. Issue the following command in DOS promt telnet www.upm.edu.my A secured alternative to telnet is by connecting to remote computer using SSH (Secure Shell) ssh www.upm.edu.my The remote computer must have Telnet/SSH server running for users to connect to it

7. Ping
Allows users to check whether a remote computer is up/operational. Type the following command in DOS prompt ping www.upm.edu.my This command or service might not work properly if:

The server or user is behind a firewall and it blocks ICMP request. Your ISP does not allow this type of request. The server has an embedded firewall on it and it blocks ICMP request.
Chapter 5

8. Web Sites
A framework architecture used to share and access documents that is connected to the internet Information displayed are intuitive, easy to use and using interesting graphical interface Information are exchanged using client server concept. A web document that interconnects pages is called hypertext A text string that links a page to other pages is called a hyperlink Hypertext that contains other media (graphics, audio, video, etc.) is called hypermedia WWW is a world wide hypermedia and hypertext system
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Internet Services (contd)-website
Every address is unique and is called Universal Resource Locator (URL) http://www.jaring.my/intro/index.html
server protocol path File name
URLs consists of 4 parts: Protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Server: Internet domain name Path: The location of the document in the server- folder/directory name Resources name: The filename, usually in one of these formats html/cgi/sound/movie/graphic
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What is Search engine
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Also called a keyword
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What is a hit?
Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 2.
Select type of search you want to run
Step 1. Go to search engine Step 3. View hits
Step 4.
Click link to view Web site
12 basic types of Web sites
Portal
News
Informational
Business/ Marketing
Educational Entertainment
Advocacy
Blog
Wiki
Social Network
Content Aggregator
Personal
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Portal Web site

A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free
Searching, news, sports and weather, Web publishing, reference tools, stock quotes, maps, shopping, e-mail, and online communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)
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News Web site
Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather
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Informational Web site

Contains factual information Created by organizations and government agencies
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Business/marketing Web site

Contains content that promotes products or services Allows you to purchase products or services online
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Educational Web site

Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning
Some companies offer online training for employees Some colleges offer online classes and degrees
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Entertainment Web site

Offers an interactive and engaging environment featuring music, video, sports, games, and more
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Advocacy Web site

Contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea
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Blog web site

Short for Weblog Uses a regularly updated journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors Video blog (vlog), blogosphere, and vlogosphere
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Wiki web site

Collaborative Web site that allows users to add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser
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Online social network

Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos Media sharing Web site Other example?

Friendster Facebook Hi5 Geni (family tree)
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Content aggregator web site

Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee
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Personal Web site

Web page maintained by private individual Reasons: sharing life experience with the world or job hunting
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Graphics formats are used on the Web

JPEG
(pronounced JAY-peg)
BMP
PNG
(pronounced ping)
GIF
(pronounced JIFF)
TIFF
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What is streaming audio/video?
The process of transferring audio/video in a continuous and even flow
Enables you to listen to music/ watch video as it downloads to your computer
Example of a web site offers video streaming: www.youtube.com

Example of a web site offers audio streaming: www.i-bands.net/bandlist.php
Netiquette
What is netiquette?
Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet
Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.
Chapter 5
5.5 Future Of The Internet
Chapter 5
Future Of The Internet
Very High-speed network 1 Gigabyte per-second speed
Interoperability
A Network that links with almost everything Example: TV, House, Car etc.
imagine something?
Please share to the class
Chapter 5
End of Chapter 5
Chapter 5

Internet: SAK3002 - Information Technology and Its Application

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SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

Objectives of this chapter:

Explain how to access and connect to the Internet

Describe the types of Web sites

Imagine the future of the internet

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

This chapter covers

Introduction History Internet Software Internet Services Future of the Internet

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

What is the Internet?

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

How to connect to the Internet?

Connection is always on whenever the computer is running

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

ISP also provide domain name registration for each organization.

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

What is a domain name?

Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

How the Internet Works

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

SAK3002 Information Technology and Its Application

SAK3002 IT and Its Applications

What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

Each electronic document is called a Web page