CSS G12 Week1 COMPUTER NETWORK NCEPT

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

GRADE 12
LESSON 1
COMPUTER NETWORK CONCEPTS
Objectives:
1. know the concept of computer network;
2. describe types of computer network
3. discuss network segment.
A. COMPUTER NETWORK CONCEPT

Computer Networking
A computer network is a group of two or more computers connected with each other
for data and resource sharing. A small computer network may contain only two
computers while a large computer may contain several thousand computers.
TYPE OF COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is categorized based on its geographical location and

characteristic.
LAN
LAN stands for Local Area Network. It represents a computer network which spans in
a small geographical area such as home network, office network, cyber café, WI–FI
zone, etc.
MAN
MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. It represents a computer network which
spans in a city or connects two or more different LAN networks such as Cable
Network, Campus network, university network, etc.
INTRANET
It is owned and administrated by an individual body such as a company or an
organization. In this network external users are not allowed to access the internal
resources.
EXTRANET
Extranet is an extended Intranet. In this network, external users such as suppliers,
buyer, vendors and customers are allowed to access a small portion of network for
business purpose.
POINT TO POINT CONNECTION

If data sent by a source system is only received by a destination system.
Example: 2 computers connected to each other, a computer is establishing connection
to ISP (internet Service Provider like PLDT, Globe), a printer connected to computer
using USB cable.
POINT TO MULTIPOINT CONNECTION

If data sent by a source system is received by multiple or all systems in network.
NETWORK SEGMENT
Network segment is the group of computers which need a network connectivity device
such as router or bridge to communicate with other computers in network.
The process of breaking a large network in multiple networks (segments) is known as
network segmentation.
Network segmentation is done to improve the performance of overall network. A

network divided in segments performs much faster than a single network.
Following figure shows a large network divided in three network segments.
Figure 1: Network Segment
NETWORK MEDIA
Network media provides connectivity between two systems.
There are two primary types of network media;

 wireless media
 cable media.
In Wireless media radio spectrums are used to connect the systems.
In cable media, a cable is used to connect the systems. There are three primary types
of cable which are mainly used in computer network; coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable
and fiber optic cable.
COAXIAL CABLE
Twisted-pair cable
In computer network cabling, twisted-pair cable is the king. This cable has total eight
wires in four pairs (4x2). Each wire of the pair is twisted around the other wires.
Twists help cable to reduce the crosstalk.
Two types of twisted-pair cable;

• UTP (unshielded twisted-pair)
• STP (shielded twisted-pair). STP is little bit expensive than UTP but provides
higher data transmission rate over the long distance.
STP cable has higher quality and more

protective jacket in comparison of UTP
cable. Besides this, STP also wraps wires
and pairs with foil to make it less
susceptible to EMI (Electro-Magnetic
Interface).
Fiber-optic cable
Fiber-optic cable is used for long
distance.
Fiber-optic cable also has two types;

• single-mode
• multi-mode.
Single-mode fiber optic cable uses a

single ray of light to transmit the data
while Multi-mode fiber optic cable uses
multiple rays of light simultaneously to transmit the data.
UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS OF NETWORK
Host name:
Each device in the network is associated with a unique device name known as
Hostname.
IP Address (Internet Protocol address):

Also known as the Logical Address, the IP Address is the network address of the
system across the network.
MAC Address (Media Access Control address):

Also known as physical address, the MAC Address is the unique identifier of each
host and is associated with its NIC (Network Interface Card).
A MAC address is assigned to the NIC at the time of manufacturing.
Port:
A port can be referred to as a logical channel through which data can be sent/received
to an application. Any host may have multiple applications running, and each of these
applications is identified using the port number on which they are running.
Socket:
The unique combination of IP address and Port number together are termed as Socket.
B. ACTIVITY 1
Identification. Identify what is being ask.. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The network address of the system across the network.
2. Type of Fiber optic cable that uses a single ray of light to transmit the data.
3. Categoty of UTP cable that has a data rate of 16Mbps and applicable for Token
ring.
4. The group of computers which need a network connectivity device such as
router or bridge to communicate with other computers in network.
5. a computer network which spans in a city or connects two or more different
LAN networks such as Cable Network, Campus network, university network,
etc.
6. In this network, external users such as suppliers, buyer, vendors and customers
are allowed to access a small portion of network for business purpose.
7. If data sent by a source system is received by multiple or all systems in
network.
8. The process of breaking a large network in multiple networks (segments)
9. It provides connectivity between two systems.
10.A cable is used for long distance.
C. ACTIVITY 2.
Explain the following. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Enumerate the advantages if the large network has been segmented.
2. Which one is better, wired connection or wireless connection? Why?
3. The maximum length of CAT 5/6 UTP cable is 100m, what will be the effect to
signal if you maximize its length?
4. Based on Figure1: Network Segment, if Router 1 will malfunction, what will
happen to three (3) network segment?
5. Based on Figure1: Network Segment, if the hub of Segment 2 will malfunction,
what will happen to three (3) network segment?
D. REMEMBER
Computer networking's main goal is to share resources like files and devices. It uses
different network media to connect each node. There are types of network that is
suitable depending on the location, distance, and purpose. A big company employs
network segmentation to improve the performance of a network and for easy
management.
E. REFELECTION
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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REFERENCES
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/difference-ddr2-ddr3-ram-technology-explained/
https://www.crucial.com/support/articles-faq-memory/differences-in-memory-speed-and-data-
rate
http://www.dramsplus.com/what-is-dram-frequency.html
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Republic of the Philippines

COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

A. COMPUTER NETWORK CONCEPT

TYPE OF COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is categorized based on its geographical location and

POINT TO POINT CONNECTION

POINT TO MULTIPOINT CONNECTION

Network segmentation is done to improve the performance of overall network. A

Following figure shows a large network divided in three network segments.

Figure 1: Network Segment

There are two primary types of network media;

In Wireless media radio spectrums are used to connect the systems.

Two types of twisted-pair cable;

STP cable has higher quality and more

Fiber-optic cable also has two types;

Single-mode fiber optic cable uses a

IP Address (Internet Protocol address):

MAC Address (Media Access Control address):

Explain the following. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

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