The Structure of John's Gospel

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The Structure of Johns Gospel

The New Testament

Document #: TX002271

Johns Gospel has a unique structure:


the Prologue: 1:118 the Book of Signs: 1:1912:50

the Book of Glory: 13:120:31

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The Prologue: 1:118


The prologue is a poem, likely used by early Christians as a liturgical hymn. As a hymn, the prologue probably first circulated independently of Johns Gospel. Sometime before the Gospel reached its final form, the prologue was added to it as a kind of overture. It is full of richly symbolic language and introduces many of the central theological and Christological themes of the Gospel.

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The Prologue (continued)


In introducing Johns Christology, the prologue introduces Jesus as the following:

the Divine Son of God


the Light who comes into a world of darkness the preexistent Wordpresent with God, in Heaven, from the beginning of timewho became flesh (1:14) at a particular point in human history the One who reveals Gods glory and brings grace and truth to all who believe

The Book of Signs: 1:1912:50


The signs of Johns Gospel provide important points of contrast with the synoptics.
Miracles and Signs in the Gospels

The Synoptic Gospels Greek word Number Purpose


Dynameis (translated as miracle)

Johns Gospel
Semeion (translated as sign)

Jesus performs numerous miracles.

Jesus performs seven signs.

The miracles demonstrate Jesus unique abilities to heal illness, restore life, and

For those who witness the signs with open minds and hearts, the signs

exercise authority and power over the forces of prompt greater faith in Jesus and a nature. deeper understanding of his true identity.

The Book of Signs (continued)


The Book of Signs recounts all seven signs that Jesus performs in Johns Gospel:

1. turning water into wine at the wedding at Cana (2:112)


2. healing of the royal officials son (4:4654) 3. healing a sick man at the pool of Bethesda (5:118) 4. multiplication of the loaves (6:115) 5. walking on water (6:1621) 6. healing of the man born blind (9:141) 7. raising of Lazarus (11:145)

The Book of Glory: 13:120:31


The Book of Glory recounts Jesus final days, death, and Resurrection, beginning with the Last Supper and concluding with the post-Resurrection appearances. Jesus glory (his divinity and the heavenly home from which he came and to which he will return) is fully revealed when he does the work for which he was sent, that is, when he is lifted up on the cross. Jesus glory continues to shine even through his suffering and death.

The Book of Glory (continued)


The Book of Glory contains many unique elements not present in the synoptic accounts. These include the following: Jesus washing of the disciples feet at the Last Supper a mysterious figure known only as the Beloved Disciple, or the one whom Jesus loved the piercing of Jesus side, with blood and water flowing out a post-Resurrection appearance to Mary Magdalene at the empty tomb a post-Resurrection appearance in which Jesus invites doubting Thomas to faith

The Epilogue
The last chapter of Johns Gospelchapter 21is considered to be an epilogue for the following reasons: The Gospel clearly ends with chapter 20, verse 31: These are written that you may [come to] believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through this belief you may have life in his name. Therefore, chapter 21 reads like a second ending added after the Gospel had already been completed. The style of the Greek in which the epilogue is written is different from that of the rest of the Gospel.

Some scholars believe that the epilogue was added as a way to rehabilitate the character of Peter. In the epilogue Peter declares his love for Jesus three times, symbolically reversing his three denials of Jesus earlier in the Gospel.

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