Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide guidelines and recommendations for setting up and solving a reacting ow using the partially premixed combustion model.

Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the FLUENT interface and have a good understanding of basic setup and solution procedures. Some steps will not be shown explicitly. In this tutorial, you will use the partially premixed combustion model. The partially premixed model is based on both non-premixed (mixture-fraction based) and premixed (reaction progress variable based) combustion models. If you have not used these models before, it would be helpful to rst refer to sections 15 and 16 of FLUENT 6.2 Users Guide. Also, refer to Tutorial 13: Using the Non-Premixed Combustion Model in the FLUENT 6.2 Tutorial Guide.

Problem Description
The coaxial combustor considered is shown in the following gure. A swirler at the center of the combustor introduces the lean methane/air mixture (equivalence ratio=0.8) with an axial velocity of 50 m/s and swirl velocity of 30 m/s. Pure air at an axial velocity of 10 m/s is introduced from the outer tube to stabilize the ame. The major species involved in the combustion process are CH4 , O2 , CO2 , CO, H2 O, and N2 .

Preparation
1. Copy the mesh le, par-premixed.msh.gz to the working directory. 2. Start FLUENT 2D.

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Figure 1: Schematic Figure

Setup and Solution

Step 1: Grid 1. Read the mesh le, par-premixed.msh.gz. 2. Check the grid. Grid Check 3. Scale the grid to inches. Grid Scale 4. Display the grid (Figure 2). Display Grid... 5. Reorder the grid to speed up the computations. Grid Reorder Domain Do this step twice to get a bandwidth reduction in the order of 1.00. Step 2: Models 1. Dene Segregated solver for Axisymmetric Swirl space and Steady time condition. Dene Models Solver... 2. Enable the standard k-epsilon (2 eqn) turbulence model. Dene Models Viscous... 3. Select Partially Premixed Combustion as the Species Model. Dene Models Species Transport & Reaction... (a) Enable Create Table option. You can choose to skip the next step and read the pdf le, par-premixed.pdf.gz.

c Fluent Inc. November 7, 2005

Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Y Z X

Grid

Mar 03, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, segregated, pdf7, ske)

Figure 2: Grid

Step 3: Pdf Table 1. Under the Chemistry tab, do the following settings: (a) Ensure that Equilibrium and Adiabatic options are selected. (b) Set the Rich Flammability Limit to 1. 2. Under the Boundary tab, do the following settings: (a) Specify the value of Temperature for Fuel and Oxid as 300 K and 650 K respectively. (b) Set the Species Units as Mass Fraction. (c) Set the composition of Fuel and Oxid for the Species as shown in the following table: Species ch4 n2 o2 Fuel 0.0453 0.7283 0.2264 Oxid 0 0.767 0.233

3. Under the Table tab, set retain the default settings and click Calculate PDF Table. 4. Under Premixed tab, examine the properties of unburnt mixture and laminar ame speed. 5. Examine the relationship between Mean Temperature and Mean Mixture Fraction. Display PDF Tables/Curves...

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

6. Write the pdf le, par-premixed.pdf.gz. File Write PDF... Step 4: Materials FLUENT will automatically select pdf-mixture under Mixture Materials, and the mixture species as dened in the pdf. The Density will be set as pdf and the Laminar Flame Speed as prepdf-polynomial. 1. Retain the default values for the other parameters. Step 5: Operating Conditions 1. Retain the default operating conditions. Step 6: Boundary Conditions 1. Set the boundary conditions for air inlet. (a) Specify the Velocity Specication Method as Components and set the Axial-Velocity to 10. (b) Specify the Turbulence Specication Method as Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter and set Hydraulic Diameter to 0.0254. (c) Retain the default values for the other parameters. Note: The Progress Variable (c) = 0 species reactant mixture, but since you have specied the Mean Mixture Fraction (f ) as 0, this will be treated as a non-combustible mixture. In fact, you can use either values of c; 0 or 1, and the air inlet results should not vary. 2. Set the boundary conditions for air-fuel inlet. (a) Set the Axial-Velocity to 50 m/s and Swirl-Velocity to 30 m/s. (b) Set the Hydraulic Diameter and Mean Mixture Fraction to 0.0254 and 1 respectively. (c) Retain the default values for the other parameters. 3. Set the boundary conditions for the outlet zone. (a) Set the Backow Hydraulic Diameter and Backow Progress Variable to 0.13 and 1 respectively. (b) Retain the default values for the other parameters.

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Step 7: First Order Solution 1. Solve for Flow, Swirl Velocity, and Turbulence equations. (a) Keep the default values for Under-Relaxation Factors and Discretization scheme. (b) Enable the plotting of residuals during calculation. (c) Initialize the ow eld and compute from all zones. Save the case le par-premixed.cas.gz. (d) Start the calculation by requesting 1000 iterations. (e) Save the data le par-premixed.dat.gz

Residuals continuity x-velocity y-velocity swirl k epsilon

1e+00

1e-01

1e-02

1e-03

1e-04 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225

Iterations

Scaled Residuals

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 3: Scaled Residuals (f) Dene a region with the following values: Adapt Region... Input Coordinates Xminimum (m) Xmaximum (m) Yminimum (m) Ymaximum (m) (g) Patch a region close to fuel-air inlet. i. Under Registers To Patch, select the marked region hexahedron-r0. ii. Select Progress Variable under Variable. iii. Retain the default Value of 0 and click Patch. Value 0.10 0.14 0 0.03

c Fluent Inc. November 7, 2005

Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

2. Solve for all the equations. (a) Request for an additional 500 iterations. (b) Save the case and data les, par-premixed-1st.cas.gz.

Residuals continuity x-velocity y-velocity swirl premixc k epsilon fmean fvar

1e+00

1e-01

1e-02

1e-03

1e-04

1e-05

1e-06 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Iterations

Scaled Residuals

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, pdf14, ske)

Figure 4: Scaled Residuals

Step 8: Second Order Solution 1. Change the discretization for the following parameters. Parameter Pressure Momentum Swirl Velocity Turbulence Kinetic Energy Turbulence Dissipation Rate Progress Variable Mean Mixture Fraction Mixture Fraction Variance 2. Request for an additional 500 iterations. 3. Save the case and data le, par-premixed-2nd.cas.gz. Value Second Second Second Second Second Second Second Second

Order Order Order Order Order Order Order Order

Upwind Upwind Upwind Upwind Upwind Upwind Upwind

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Residuals continuity x-velocity y-velocity swirl premixc k epsilon fmean fvar

1e+00

1e-01

1e-02

1e-03

1e-04

1e-05

1e-06 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Iterations

Scaled Residuals

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, pdf14, ske)

Figure 5: Scaled Residuals

Step 9: Postprocessing Plot vectors and contours for various parameters as described below: 1. Display Velocity Vectors (Figure 6). Set the Scale Factor to 10 and Skip Value to 3. 2. Display Contours of Stream Function (Figure 7). Select Velocity... and Stream Function under Contours Of. 3. Display lled Contours of mean Progress Variable (Figure 8). Select Premixed Combustion... and Progress Variable under Contours Of. 4. Display lled Contours of Static Temperature (Figure 9).

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

5.85e+01 5.57e+01 5.28e+01 4.99e+01 4.70e+01 4.41e+01 4.12e+01 3.83e+01 3.54e+01 3.25e+01 2.96e+01 2.67e+01 2.38e+01 2.09e+01 1.80e+01 1.51e+01 1.22e+01 9.34e+00 6.45e+00 3.55e+00 6.59e-01

Velocity Vectors Colored By Velocity Magnitude (m/s)

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 6: Velocity Vectors

2.69e-02 2.55e-02 2.42e-02 2.29e-02 2.15e-02 2.02e-02 1.88e-02 1.75e-02 1.61e-02 1.48e-02 1.34e-02 1.21e-02 1.08e-02 9.41e-03 8.07e-03 6.72e-03 5.38e-03 4.03e-03 2.69e-03 1.34e-03 0.00e+00

Contours of Stream Function (kg/s)

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 7: Contours of Stream Function

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

1.00e+00 9.50e-01 9.00e-01 8.50e-01 8.00e-01 7.50e-01 7.00e-01 6.50e-01 6.00e-01 5.50e-01 5.00e-01 4.50e-01 4.00e-01 3.50e-01 3.00e-01 2.50e-01 2.00e-01 1.50e-01 1.00e-01 5.00e-02 0.00e+00

Contours of Progress Variable

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 8: Contours of Progress Variable

1.91e+03 1.83e+03 1.75e+03 1.67e+03 1.59e+03 1.51e+03 1.43e+03 1.35e+03 1.27e+03 1.19e+03 1.11e+03 1.02e+03 9.44e+02 8.64e+02 7.83e+02 7.03e+02 6.22e+02 5.42e+02 4.61e+02 3.81e+02 3.00e+02

Contours of Static Temperature (k)

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 9: Contours of Static Temperature

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

5. Display contours of species mass fractions. (a) Mass fraction of CH4 (Figure 10). Select Species... and Mass Fractions of ch4 under Contours Of. (b) Mass fraction of H2 O (Figure 11). (c) Mass fraction of CO2 (Figure 12). (d) Mass fraction of CO (Figure 13). (e) Mass fraction of N2 (Figure 14).

4.53e-02 4.30e-02 4.08e-02 3.85e-02 3.62e-02 3.40e-02 3.17e-02 2.94e-02 2.72e-02 2.49e-02 2.26e-02 2.04e-02 1.81e-02 1.59e-02 1.36e-02 1.13e-02 9.06e-03 6.79e-03 4.53e-03 2.27e-03 0.00e+00

Contours of Mass fraction of ch4

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 10: Mass Fraction of CH4

10

c Fluent Inc. November 7, 2005

Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

9.09e-02 8.64e-02 8.18e-02 7.73e-02 7.28e-02 6.82e-02 6.37e-02 5.91e-02 5.46e-02 5.00e-02 4.55e-02 4.09e-02 3.64e-02 3.18e-02 2.73e-02 2.27e-02 1.82e-02 1.36e-02 9.09e-03 4.55e-03 0.00e+00

Contours of Mass fraction of h2o

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 11: Mass Fraction of H2 O

1.11e-01 1.06e-01 1.00e-01 9.46e-02 8.90e-02 8.35e-02 7.79e-02 7.23e-02 6.68e-02 6.12e-02 5.56e-02 5.01e-02 4.45e-02 3.90e-02 3.34e-02 2.78e-02 2.23e-02 1.67e-02 1.11e-02 5.56e-03 0.00e+00

Contours of Mass fraction of co2

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 12: Mass Fraction of CO2

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

2.06e-04 1.96e-04 1.86e-04 1.76e-04 1.65e-04 1.55e-04 1.45e-04 1.34e-04 1.24e-04 1.14e-04 1.03e-04 9.29e-05 8.26e-05 7.23e-05 6.19e-05 5.16e-05 4.13e-05 3.10e-05 2.06e-05 1.03e-05 0.00e+00

Contours of Mass fraction of co

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 13: Mass Fraction of CO

7.67e-01 7.65e-01 7.63e-01 7.61e-01 7.59e-01 7.57e-01 7.55e-01 7.53e-01 7.52e-01 7.50e-01 7.48e-01 7.46e-01 7.44e-01 7.42e-01 7.40e-01 7.38e-01 7.36e-01 7.34e-01 7.32e-01 7.30e-01 7.28e-01

Contours of Mass fraction of n2

Oct 26, 2005 FLUENT 6.2 (axi, swirl, segregated, ske)

Figure 14: Mass Fraction of N2

12

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Tutorial: Partially Premixed Combustion in a Co-axial Combustor

Results
The partially premixed model in FLUENT can be used to simulate a combustion system, where the combustion process is neither purely premixed nor purely non-premixed. Both premixed and non-premixed properties can be investigated using the postprocessing results as shown above.

Summary
Application of the partially premixed model, based on both non-premixed (mixture-fraction based) and premixed (mean progress variable based) models has been demonstrated.

c Fluent Inc. November 7, 2005

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