PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Bukhari HW-2

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS Chapter 2: MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

PART-A: Hand in your answers in class on scantron on Wednesday 19 September-2010
1. An arrow is shot straight up in the air at an initial speed of 15.0 m/s. After how much time is the arrow
heading downward at a speed of 8.00 m/s? (a) 0.714 s (b) 1.24 s (c) 1.87 s (d) 2.35 s (e) 3.22 s
( )
+

0
2
8.00 m s 15.0 m s
2.35 s
9.80 m s
f
t
a g
v v
v
2. A cannon shell is fired straight up in the air at an initial speed of 225 m/s. After how much time is the
shell at a height of 6.20 X 10
2
m and heading down? (a) 2.96 s (b) 17.3 s (c) 25.4 s (d) 33.6 s (e) 43.0 s
1
2
2
0
y t gt v
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
6.20 10 m 225 m s 9.80 m s
2
t t
( ) ( )
2 2 2
4.90 m s 225 m s 6.20 10 m 0 t t +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
2
225 m s 225 m s 4 4.90 m s 6.20 10 m
2 4.90 m s
t
t

with solutions of t = 43.0 s and . t = 2.94 s The projectile is at a height of

2
6.20 10 m
and coming downward at the largest
of these two elapsed times, so the correct choice is seen to be (e).
3. When applying the equations of kinematics for an object moving in one dimension, which of the
following statements must be true? (a) The velocity of the object must remain constant. (b) The
acceleration of the object must remain constant. (c) The velocity of the object must increase with time. (d)
The position of the object must increase with time. (e) The velocity of the object must always be in the
same direction as its acceleration.
4. A juggler throws a bowling pin straight up in the air. After the pin leaves his hand and while it is in the
air, which statement is true? (a) The velocity of the pin is always in the same direction as its acceleration.
(b) The velocity of the pin is never in the same direction as its acceleration. (c) The acceleration of the pin
is zero. (d) The velocity of the pin is opposite its acceleration on the way up. (e) The velocity of the pin is
in the same direction as its acceleration on the way up.
5. A racing car starts from rest and reaches a final speed v in a time t. If the acceleration of the car is
constant during this time, which of the following statements must be true? (a) The car travels a distance vt.
(b) The average speed of the car is v/2. (c) The acceleration of the car is v/t. (d) The velocity of the car
remains constant. (e) None of these
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PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Bukhari HW-2
6. A pebble is dropped from rest from the top of a tall cliff and falls 4.9 m after 1.0 s has elapsed. How
much farther does it drop in the next 2.0 seconds? (a) 9.8 m (b) 19.6 m (c) 39 m (d) 44 m (e) 27 m
( ) ( )
2
2
3 0
1 1
0 9.8 m s 3.0s 44 m
2 2
2
y t at + + v
3 1
44 m 4.9 m 39 m y y y
7. An object moves along the x-axis, its position measured at each instant of time. The data are organized
into an accurate graph of x vs. t. Which of the following quantities cannot be obtained from this graph? (a)
the velocity at any instant (b) the acceleration at any instant (c) the displacement during some time interval
(d) the average velocity during some time interval (e) the speed of the particle at any instant
8. People become uncomfortable in an elevator if it accelerates from rest at a rate such that it attains a
speed of about 6 m/s after descending ten stories (about 30 m). What is the approximate magnitude of its
acceleration? (Choose the closest answer.) (a) 10 m/s
2
(b) 0.3 m/s
2
(c) 0.6 m/s
2
(d) 1 m/s
2
(e) 0.8 m/s
2
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
0
2
6 m s 0
0.6 m s
2 2 30 m
a
y

v v
9. Races are timed to an accuracy of 1/1 000 of a second. What distance could a person rollerblading at a
speed of 8.5 m/s travel in that period of time? (a) 85 mm (b) 85 cm (c) 8.5 m (d) 8.5 mm (e) 8.5 km
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
8.5 m s 1.0 10 s 8.5 10 m 8.5 mm x t

v
10. A student at the top of a building throws a red ball upward with speed v
0
and then throws a blue ball
downward with the same initial speed v
0
. Immediately before the two balls reach the ground, which of the
following statements are true? (Choose all correct statements; neglect air friction.) (a) The speed of the red
ball is less than that of the blue ball. (b) The speed of the red ball is greater than that of the blue ball. (c)
Their velocities are equal. (d) The speed of each ball is greater than v
0
(e) The acceleration of the blue ball
is greater than that of the red ball.
11. A rock is thrown downward from the top of a 40.0 m tower with an initial speed of 12 m/s. Assuming
negligible air resistance, what is the speed of the rock just before hitting the ground? (a) 28 m/s (b) 30 m/s
(c) 56 m/s (d) 784 m/s (e) More information is needed.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
0 0
2 2 12 m s 2 9.8 m s 40.0 m 30 m s a y g h t + + + v v v
12. A ball is thrown straight up in the air. For which situation are both the instantaneous velocity and the
acceleration zero? (a) on the way up (b) at the top of the flight path (c) on the way down (d) halfway up
and halfway down (e) none of these
13. If the velocity of a particle is nonzero, can the particles acceleration be zero?
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PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Bukhari HW-2
a) yes b) No
14. If the velocity of a particle is zero, can the particles acceleration be zero?
a) yes b) No
15. If a car is traveling eastward, can its acceleration be westward?
a) yes b) No
16. Can the equations of kinematics be used in a situation where the acceleration varies with time?
a) yes b) No
17. Can the instantaneous velocity of an object at an instant of time ever be greater in magnitude than the
average velocity over a time interval containing that instant?
a) yes b) No
18. A ball is thrown vertically upward. (a) What are its velocity and acceleration when it reaches its
maximum altitude?
a) v = max a = 0 b) v = max a = -9.8 m/s
2
c) v = 0, a = -9.8 m/s
2

3
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Bukhari HW-2
PART-B: Hand in your solutions to the following questions in class, on Wednesday 19 September-2010.
Show the detailed calculations. Write your final answers in the box.
1. A person travels by car from one city to another with different constant speeds between pairs of
cities. She drives for 30.0 min at 80.0 km/h, 12.0 min at 100 km/h, and 45.0 min at 40.0 km/h and
spends 15.0 min eating lunch and buying gas. (a) Determine the average speed for the trip. (b)
Determine the distance between the initial and final cities along the route.
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
= 80.0 km h 0.500 h 40.0 km x t v
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
= 100 km h 0.200 h 20.0 km x t v
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
= 40.0 km h 0.750 h 30.0 km x t v
Thus, the total distance traveled x = (40.0 + 20.0 + 30.0) km = 90.0 km, and the elapsed time is
t = 0.500 h + 0.200 + 0.750 h + 0.250 h = 1.70 h).
2. A motorist drives north for 35.0 minutes at 85.0 km/h and then stops for 15.0 minutes. He then
continues north, traveling 130 km in 2.00 h. (a) What is his total displacement? (b) What is his average
velocity?
(a)
( ) ( )
1 h
Displacement 85.0 km h 35.0 min 130 km 180 km
60.0 min
x
_
+

,
(b) The total elapsed time is
( )
1 h
35.0 min 15.0 min 2.00 h 2.84 h
60.0 min
t
_
+ +

,
so,
180 km
63.4 km h
2.84 h
x
t

v
3. A Cessna aircraft has a liftoff speed of 120 km/h. (a) What minimum constant acceleration does
the aircraft require if it is to be airborne after a takeoff run of 240 m? (b) How long does it take the
aircraft to become airborne?
(a) With
120 km h v
,
( )
2 2
0
2a x + v v
yields
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
0
2
120 km h 0
0.278 m s
2.32m/s
2 2 240 m 1 km h
a
x
1

_ 1
]


,
v v
(b) The required time is
( )
0
2
120 km h 0
0.278 m s
14.4 s
2.32 m s 1 km h
t
a
_


,
v v
.
4 A certain freely falling object requires 1.50 s to travel the last 30.0 m before it hits the ground.
From what height above the ground did it fall?
The velocity of the object when it was 30.0 m above the ground can be determined by applying
1 2
0
2
y t at + v
to the last 1.50 s of the fall. This gives
( ) ( )
2
0
2
1 m
30.0 m 1.50 s 9.80 1.50 s
2 s
_
+

,
v
or
0
12.7 m s v
The displacement the object must have undergone, starting from rest, to achieve this velocity at a
point 30.0 m above the ground is given by
( )
2 2
0
2a y + v v
as
4
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Bukhari HW-2
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
0
1 2
12.7 m s 0
8.23 m
2 2 9.80 m s
y
a

v v
The total distance the object drops during the fall is
( ) ( ) ( )
total 1
30.0 m 38.2 m y y +
5. A small mailbag is released from a helicopter that is descending steadily at 1.50 m/s. After 2.00 s, (a)
what is the speed of the mailbag, and (b) how far is it below the helicopter? (c) What are your answers
to parts (a) and (b) if the helicopter is rising steadily at 1.50 m/s?
(a) After 2.00 s, the velocity of the mailbag is
( ) ( )
2
bag 0
1.50 m s 9.80 m s 2.00 s 21.1 m s at + + v v
The negative sign tells that the bag is moving downward and the magnitude of the velocity
gives the speed as 21.1 m/s.
(b) The displacement of the mailbag after 2.00 s is
( )
( )
( )
0
bag
21.1 m s 1.50 m s
2 .00 s 22 .6 m
2 2
y t
1 + + _

1

,
1
]
v v
During this time, the helicopter, moving downward with constant velocity, undergoes a displacement of
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
copter
1
1.5 m s 2 .00 s 0 3.00 m
2
y t at + + v
The distance separating the package and the helicopter at this time is then
( ) ( ) ( ) 22.6 m 3.00 m 19.6 m 19.6 m
p h
d y y
(c) Here,
( ) ( )
0 0
bag copter
1.50 m s + v v
and
2
bag
9.80 m s a
while a
copter
= 0. After 2.00 s, the
velocity of the mailbag is
( )
bag
2
m m m
1.50 9.80 2.00 s 18.1
s s
s
_
+

,
v
and its speed is
bag
m
18.1
s
v
In this case, the displacement of the helicopter during the 2.00 s interval is
( ) ( )
copter
1.50 m s 2.00 s 0 3.00 m y + + +
Meanwhile, the mailbag has a displacement of
( ) ( )
bag 0
bag
18.1 m s 1.50 m s
2 .00 s 16.6 m
2 2
y t
+ _
+ 1

1
, ]
v v
The distance separating the package and the helicopter at this time is then
( ) ( ) ( ) 16.6 m 3.00 m 19.6 m 19.6 m
p h
d y y +
5