Column Phases - GC

POLYSILOXANES: Polysiloxanes are the most common stationary phases. They are available in the greatest variety and are the most stable, robust and versatile. The most basic polysiloxane is the 100% methyl substituted. When other groups are present, the amount is indicated as the percent of the total number of groups. For example, a 5% diphenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane contains 5% phenyl groups and 95% methyl groups. The "di-" prefix indicates that each silicon atom contains two of that particular group. Sometimes this prefix is omitted even though two identical groups are present. If the methyl percentage is not stated, it is understood to be present in the amount necessary to make 100% (e.g., 50% phenyl-methyl polysiloxane contains 50% methyl substitution). Cyanopropylphenyl percent values can be misleading. A 14% cyanopropylphenyl-dimethyl polysiloxane contains 7% cyanopropyl and 7% phenyl (along with 86% methyl). The cyanopropyl and phenyl groups are on the same silicon atom, thus their amounts are summed. POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS: Polyethylene glycols (PEG) are widely used as stationary phases. Stationary phases with "wax" or "FFAP" in their name are some type of polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycols stationary phases are not substituted, thus the polymer is 100% of the stated material. They are less stable, less robust and have lower temperature limits than most polysiloxanes. With typical use, they exhibit shorter lifetimes and are more susceptible to damage upon over heating or exposure to oxygen. The unique separation properties of polyethylene glycol makes these liabilities tolerable. Polyethylene glycol stationary phases must be liquids under GC temperature conditions. GAS - SOLID: (PLOT Columns) Gas-solid stationary phases are comprised of a thin layer (usually <10 um) of small particles adhered to the surface of the tubing. These are porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns. The sample compounds undergo a gas-solid adsorption/desorption process with the stationary phase. The particles are porous, thus size exclusion and shape selectivity processes also occur. Various derivatives of styrene, aluminum oxides and molecular sieves are the most common PLOT column stationary phases. PLOT columns are very retentive. They are used to obtain separations that are impossible with conventional stationary phases. Also, many separations requiring subambient temperatures with polysiloxanes or polyethylene glycols can be easily accomplished above ambient temperatures with PLOT columns. Hydrocarbon and sulfur gases, noble and permanent gases, and low boiling point solvents are some of the more common compounds separated with PLOT columns.

Some PLOT columns may occasionally lose particles of the stationary phase. For this reason, using PLOT columns that may lose particles with detectors negatively affected by particulate matter is not recommended. Mass spectrometers are particularly susceptible to this problem due to the presence of a strong vacuum at the exit of the column. BONDED AND CROSS-LINKED STATIONARY PHASES: Cross-linked stationary phases have the individual polymer chains linked via covalent bonds. Bonded stationary phases are covalently bonded to the surface of the tubing. Both techniques impart enhanced thermal and solvent stability to the stationary phase. Also, columns with bonded and cross-linked stationary phases can be solvent rinsed to remove contaminants. Most polysiloxanes and polyethylene glycol stationary phases are bonded and cross-linked. A few stationary phases are available in a no-bonded version; some stationary phases are not available in bonded and cross-linked versions. Use a bonded and crosslinked stationary phase if one is available.

Similar polysiloxane Phases

BONDED PHASE TEMP C GENERAL USE OF PHASE EQUIVALENTS SE-30, OV-1, OV-101, DB-1, SPB-1, BP-1, HP-1, ULTRA-1, RTx-1, AT-1, CPSil-5 SE-54, OV-23, DB-5, SPB-5, BP-5, HP-5, ULTRA 2, RTx-5, CPSil-8

Methyl polysiloxane

50325

Most frequently used phase in GC. Low selectivity separates compounds according to boiling points. Excellent thermal stability

Methyl 5% Phenyl Polysiloxane

50325

Similar to methyl polysiloxane but slightly more selective due to phenyl content. Excellent thermal stability. Added selectivity due to higher phenyl content. Usually retains similar compounds longer than methyl silicone. Provides efficient separations of PAHS and biomedical samples such as drugs, sugars and steroids. Good thermal stability. Selectivity for compounds with lone pair electrons or carbonyl groups. Retains oxygenated compounds in the order ether, hydroxyl, ester and ketone. Widely used as a confirmatory phase for chlorinated pesticides. Also suitable for PCBs, phenols and nitroaromatics. Good thermal stability. An additional choice for a general purpose phase with nominal selectivity for polarisable and polar compounds. More of a boiling point phase than 007-1701; and exhibits less retention of polyaromatic compounds than 007-17.Good thermal stability. Unique selectivity of cyanopropyl and phenyl groups provide efficient separations of derivatized sugars and many environmental samples. Not truly a polar phase. Good thermal stability

Methyl 50% Phenyl Polysiloxane

40325

OV-17, DB-17, SPB-7, BP-10, HP-17, RTx-17, AT-50,

50% Trifluoropropyl 50% Methyl polysiloxane

40300

DB-210, RTx-200, HP210

6% Cyanopropylphenyl 94% Methylpolysiloxane

30320

DB-1301, RTx-1301, HP-1301

Methyl 7% Cyanopropyl 7% Phenyl Polysiloxane

280

DB-1701, CPSil-19, RTx-1701, AT-1701

Methyl 25% Cyanopropyl 25% Phenyl Polysiloxane

40240

Polar phase which provides efficient separations of polar molecules such as fatty acids and alditol acetate derivatives of sugars. Fair thermal stability Carbowax 20M is a polyethylene glycol phase which demonstrates unique selectivity hydrogen bonding-type molecules. Particularly useful for the analysis of complex oxygenated samples but is susceptible to oxygen degradation. Not recommended for the analysis of mixtures containing silylating reagents The product of Carbowax 20M and 2Nitroterephthalic acid. Particularly useful for volatile fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Good thermal stability but susceptible to oxygen degradation. Not recommended for the analyses of mixtures containing salylating reagents A series of specially synthesized stationary phases of mid-polarity with unique selectivity due to cyanopropyl and phenyl groups .Configured for difficult environmental analyses. Good thermal stability A highly polar stationary phase. Ideal for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis, dioxin, and furan separations and other separations requiring unique selectivity and polarity. Good thermal stability

DB-255, HP-255, CPSil-43, RTx-225, AT255

Polyethylene Glycol

20260

DB-Wax, Supelsowax 10, Super-ox, CPWax52, Stabilwax, BP-20, HP-20M, AT-Wax

Free Fatty Acid Phase

20260

OV-351, DB-Wax, SP1000, AT-1000, HPFFAP, AT-1000

Methyl Phenyl Cyanopropyl Polysiloxane

20260

DB-624, VOCAL, DB608, RTx-502, RTxVolatile, AT-624, SPB608

Cyanopropyl Polysiloxane

40280

SP-2340, SP-2330, DB23, OV-275, AT-SILAR

Silicone Phases
High Purity - Low Bleed - Thermally stable silicone phases General Use
SILICONE SE-30(ultra) OV-1 OV-101 OV-3 OV-7 OV 61 OV-11 OV-17 OV-22 OV-25 OV-210 OV-225 TYPE Methyl Methyl Methyl 10% Phenyl Methyl 20% Phenyl Methyl 33% Phenyl Methyl 35% PhenylMethyl 50%Phenyl MethylMethyl 65% Phenyl Methyl 75% Phenyl Methyl 50% Trifluoropropyl, Methyl 25% Cyanopropyl, VISCOSITY GUM GUM 1500 500 500 50,000 1300 1300 1300 >15,000 10,000 9.000 SOLVENT Chloroform Toluene Toluene Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetone Chloroform Acetone TEMP C 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 275 275
0

25%phenyl, methyl Cyanopropyl, phenyl methylMethyl highest polarity

OV-275

unknown

Acetone

250

Similar silicone (0V) phases

0V phase 0V-210 0V-17 0V-101 0V-351 Silar-5cp Silar 10cp 0V-1 0V-3 0V-225 0V-73 similar phase DC QF-1 SP-2250 SP-2100 SP-1000 SP-2300 SP-2340 SE-30 SE-52 XE-60 SP 2100 SP-2100 similar phase SP 2401
0

max Temp C 275 C 375 C 350 C 270 C 250

0 0 0 0

250 C 100-350 C 350 C 265 C 325 C

0 0 0 0

Manufacturer Equivalent Phases

QUAD REX SPB octyl 007-1 DB-1 SPB-1 HP-1 RTx-1 CPSil-1 AT-1 BP-1 J W</ SUPEL CO HP RES TEK CHROM PACK ALL TECH SGE NON BONDED squalane SE=30 SP-2100 OV-1 OV-101 RTx-5 CPSil8CP AT-5 BP-5 SE-54 SE-52 OV-73 RTx-20 HP-1301 SPB-35 HP-35 RTx=1301 RTx-3 AT-35 0V-11 OV-7

DB-1ht

ultra-1

007-2

DB-5

SPB-5

HP-5 ultra-2

007-7 0071300 007-11 BDB1301

SPB-20

0071701 007-17 00765HT 007210 007225 007CW 007FFAP

DB1701 DB-17

SPB-1701

RTx-1701

CPSil19CB

AT1701 AT-50

BP-10

0V-1701 0V-17,SP2250

SP-2250

HP-50

RTx-50

RTx-65

TAP

DB-210

RTx=200 CPSil43CB CP-WAX 52CB CP Wax 58cb1000 CPSil88CB ATSILAR AT225 ATWAX BP225 BP-20 CARBO WAX 20M sp-1000, 0v-351

DB-225 DBWAX DBFFAP

SP-2330 SUPELCO WAX-10

HP-225 HPINNOWAX

RTx-225 STABIL WAX STABIL WAX DA

NUKOL

HP-FFAP

bp-21

007-23

DB-23 GSMOL SIEVE

SP-2330

RTx-2330

BPX70

SP-2330

PLT5A

Rt M sieve

Manufacturer Equivalents Environmental phases

QUADREX 007-608 007-624 J W</ DB-608 DB-624 SUPELCO SPB-608 VOCOL HP HP-608 HP-624 RESTEK RTx-35 RTxvolatiles RTxRTx1-5 CHROMPACK CPSil 8CB ALLTECH pesticide AT-624 SGE BP608

DB-5.625 DB-5 MS

PTE-5

HP-5MS

BPX625

007-502

DB-vrx

HP-VOC

RTx502.2 RTx volatiles RTxamines

PTA-5 SAC-5 007-624 007-502 DB-624 DB-502.2 SPB-204 HP-624 HP-VOC

RTx-624 RTx502.2

CPSil 13CB

AT-624 AT-624

BPX624 BPX624

007-502 Sup-Herb 007-608

DB-502.2

HP-VOC

RTx502.2

DB-608

SPB-608

HP-608

CPSil 8CB

ATpesticides

BPX608

Manufacturer Equivalents Petrochemical phases

QUADREX 007-1-500.5F 007-1-1009.5F 007-1-10V1.OF 007-1-10V5.OF 007-Sler30W-4.OF 400=1ht DB-1ht DBPETRO 100 DB-2887 J W</ SUPELCO Petrocol DH 50.2 Petrocol DH Petrocol 2887 Petrocol 3710 SPB-1 Sulfur SPB-1 TG Petrocol EX2887 SPB-1 Thin film HP HPPONA RESTEK CHROMPACK Squalane ALLTECH SGE

8CB

ATPETRO

D2887

SimDist-CB

AT-2887

D3710

8CB

AT-3710

AT-Sulfur Ht-5 Ht-5

Manufacturer Equivalents High Temperature phases

QUADREX 400-2HT 400-50HT 400-65HT TRx-65HT TAP-CB J W</ DB-2HT RESTEK SGE HT 5, HT 8 CHROMPACK