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    Lecture #6: Complex 3D Modeling With Polygon Mesh

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    virtuaclass
    This document provides an overview of polygon mesh modeling in 3D computer graphics. Some key points: - A polygon mesh is a collection of polygon faces that can be used to represent the surface of a 3D object. It defines vertices, faces, and sometimes normals. - Meshes can represent both solid and non-solid shapes, depending on how the polygons are defined. When a mesh encloses space, it represents a solid object. - Simple methods are described for defining a cube mesh using lists of vertices and faces. More complex objects can also be defined this way. - Calculating normals is important for lighting effects. Two common methods - cross product and Newell's method - are outlined

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    Lecture #6: Complex 3D Modeling With Polygon Mesh

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    virtuaclass
    114 views9 pages
    This document provides an overview of polygon mesh modeling in 3D computer graphics. Some key points: - A polygon mesh is a collection of polygon faces that can be used to represent the surface of a 3D object. It defines vertices, faces, and sometimes normals. - Meshes can represent both solid and non-solid shapes, depending on how the polygons are defined. When a mesh encloses space, it represents a solid object. - Simple methods are described for defining a cube mesh using lists of vertices and faces. More complex objects can also be defined this way. - Calculating normals is important for lighting effects. Two common methods - cross product and Newell's method - are outlined

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    This document provides an overview of polygon mesh modeling in 3D computer graphics. Some key points: - A polygon mesh is a collection of polygon faces that can be used to represent the surface of a 3D object. It defines vertices, faces, and sometimes normals. - Meshes can represent both solid and non-solid shapes, depending on how the polygons are defined. When a mesh encloses space, it represents a solid object. - Simple methods are described for defining a cube mesh using lists of vertices and faces. More complex objects can also be defined this way. - Calculating normals is important for lighting effects. Two common methods - cross product and Newell's method - are outlined

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    114 views9 pages

    Lecture #6: Complex 3D Modeling With Polygon Mesh

    Uploaded by

    virtuaclass
    This document provides an overview of polygon mesh modeling in 3D computer graphics. Some key points: - A polygon mesh is a collection of polygon faces that can be used to represent the surface of a 3D object. It defines vertices, faces, and sometimes normals. - Meshes can represent both solid and non-solid shapes, depending on how the polygons are defined. When a mesh encloses space, it represents a solid object. - Simple methods are described for defining a cube mesh using lists of vertices and faces. More complex objects can also be defined this way. - Calculating normals is important for lighting effects. Two common methods - cross product and Newell's method - are outlined

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Polygon Mesh?

    A surface made up of a collection of polygon

    Computer Graphics
    Lecture #6: Complex 3D Modeling with Polygon Mesh

    faces.

    Meshes in Modeling
    Can be used to create the skin of a solid
    object.

    Cube Example

    Not a solid.... Solid! [Note] some meshes can represent solid or non solid shapes depending on which polygons are shaded in

    Simple solids are really just polygon meshes as their faces are polygons (with the exception of real sphere or cone). have created a solid.

    When a mesh encloses a space it is said to

    Dening a Polygon Mesh


    There are several ways of dening mesh. For the cube we could list each polygon:

    the vertices location and normals for each vertex. total: 24 vertices and 24 normals for the 6 faces.

    Dening a Polygon Mesh


    A Better Way: Create 3 lists

    one for vertices one for faces one for normals

    This can create redundant data!

    vertices and normals can be listed more than once.

    For the cube there are:


    8 vertices, 6 faces, 6 normals

    Dening a Polygon Mesh


    vertex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x, y, z -1.0,-1.0, 1.0 1.0,-1.0, 1.0 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 -1.0, 1.0, 1.0 -1.0,-1.0,-1.0 -1.0, 1.0,-1.0 1.0, 1.0,-1.0 1.0,-1.0,-1.0 vertices, 0,1,2,3 4,5,6,7 5,3,2,6 4,7,1,0 7,6,2,1 4,0,3,5 normal 0 1 2 3 4 5 nx, ny, nz 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 0.0, 0.0,-1.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 0.0,-1.0, 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 -1.0, 0.0, 0.0

    Dening a Polygon Mesh


    Traversing a face:

    to determine the interior of the polygon to determine the outside of the solid to determine where the normal is pointing

    face 0(front) 1(back) 2(top) 3(bottom) 4(right) 5(left)

    normals 0,0,0,0 1,1,1,1 2,2,2,2 3,3,3,3 4,4,4,4 5,5,5,5

    Traverse a face counterclockwise as seen from the outside of the object. your left.

    The inside of the polygon will always be on

    Calculating Normals
    Why do we need the normals?

    Normal tells us which is the outside of the face. The normal is used for calculating how much light falls on the outside surface. The normal determines how smoothly textures are rendered on the surfaces.

    Finding Normals #1
    Find the cross product using 3 points on the
    surface:

    However: If the vectors are almost parallel .. the cross product will be small and inaccuracies will occur! The polygon may not be a perfect planar.
    n

    Finding Normals #2
    Using (Martin) Newells method:
    mx = !N1 (yi ynext i )(zi + znexti ) i=0 my = !N1 (zi znext i )(xi + xnexti ) i=0
    N1 mz = !i=0 (xi xnext i )(yi + ynexti )

    Example:
    Consider the polygon with vertices Find the normal to this polygon with
    Newells method

    P0 = {6, 1, 4} P1 = {7, 0, 9} P2 = {1, 1, 2}

    ,z ) where (x , y next isj the jposition ofNthe i-th = ( + 1) mod


    i i i

    vertex, and is the index of the next vertex around the face.

    Answer: (2, -23, -5)

    Calculating the Normals


    Now I have the normals, what am I going to
    do with them?

    Applying to our cube



    Lets plot the same cube as before, but turn the lights on it. As we expected, the cube is bathed in the same amount of light on each face and therefore appear at.

    OpenGL uses the normals to determine where the outside face of the mesh is, and how to light it.

    With Normals
    glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Start Drawing Quads // Front Face // Normal pointing towards viewer glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Back Face // Normal pointing glNormal3f( 0.0f, glVertex3f(-1.0f, glVertex3f(-1.0f, glVertex3f( 1.0f, glVertex3f( 1.0f, glEnd(); away from viewer 0.0f,-1.0f); -1.0f, -1.0f); 1.0f, -1.0f); 1.0f, -1.0f); -1.0f, -1.0f);

    Properties of Meshes
    Solidity

    Connectedness

    represents a solid object if faces enclose a positive and nite space.

    connected if an unbroken path along polygon edges exists (if nor connected it is more than one object)

    Properties of Meshes
    Simplicity Planarity

    simple, if it is a solid with no holes planar if every face of the object represent a plane: the vertices of each face then lie in a single plane.

    Working with Mesh


    //################# VertexID ################### class VertexID{ ! public: ! ! int vertIndex; // index of this vert in the vertex list ! ! int normIndex; // index of this vertex's normal }; //#################### Face ################## class Face{ public: ! int nVerts; // number of vertices in this face ! VertexID * vert; // the list of vertex and normal indices ! Face(){nVerts = 0; vert = NULL;} // constructor ! ~Face(){delete[] vert; nVerts = 0;} // destructor }; //###################### Mesh ####################### class Mesh{ private: ! int numVerts;! // number of vertices in the mesh ! Point3* pt;! // array of 3D vertices ! int numNormals; // number of normal vectors for the mesh ! Vector3 *norm; // array of normals ! int numFaces; ! // number of faces in the mesh ! Face* face;! // array of face data ! // ... others to be added later public: ! Mesh(); ! ! // constructor ~Mesh(); // destructor ! int readFile(char * fileName); // to read in a filed mesh ! //.. others .. };!

    Convexity

    convex and concave. The mesh represents a convex object if the line connecting any two points within the object lies wholly inside the object.

    From: Computer Graphics using OpenGL, F.S. Hill JR.

    Drawing Mesh

    Polyhedra
    A polyhedra is a connected mesh of simple
    planar polygons enclosing a nite amount of space.

    From: Computer Graphics using OpenGL, F.S. Hill JR.

    Simple Polyhedra
    A simple polyhedra satises Eulers equation
    V E +F = 2

    Complex Polyhedra
    Eulers formala for complex equation with
    holes
    V E + F H = 2(C G)
    V=24 E=36 F=15 H=3 (number of holes in faces C=1 (number of parts) G=1 (number of through holes)

    V=4 E=6 F=4

    V=8 E=12 F=6

    Schlegel Diagram
    A 2D diagram of a 3D polyhedra as seen in
    perspective

    A Polyhedra Model
    A Model is the unfolded representation of a
    solid

    Prisms and Antiprisms

    A prism is a polyhedra that embodies certain symmetries and therefore is quite simple to describe. A prism is dened as a sweep or extrusion of a polygon along a straight line.

    Prisms and Antiprisms



    An antiprism has a top and bottom of the same polygon. However, the bottom polygon is rotated through n/180 degrees.

    Extruded Shapes
    Creating Prisms

    We take a basic polygon and use it for the top. Then extrude the vertices in some direction for some length.

    Example: Arrow

    Both the front and back are the same polygon. However, their normals will be in opposite directions.

    Example: Tube
    A tube can be created by extruding a
    polyhedra along a spine.

    Tube

    Ex: we can take a simple sphere and drawing


    it as it moves around a helix.

    But each time the sphere moves, the old sphere is left in the image...

    Tubes

    By varying the x, y, and z values for the center of the sphere along spiral formulae, we can come up with all kinds of interesting shapes.

    Swept surfaces
    A swept surface take a simple or complex
    2D polygon and rotates it.

    Smooth Surfaces
    A polygon mesh can also be used to create
    smooth surfaces

    step 1: program a data structure to hold the


    mesh coordinates.

    How to make a Mesh Surface?

    a simple one will do :-) [K.I.S.S principle]

    Mesh Surface: Step 1


    Mesh data structure:
    GLfloat Mesh[Height][Width][3]; Vector3 Normals[Height][Width];
    (Mesh[3][0][0], Mesh[3][0][1],Mesh[3][0][2])

    Mesh Surface: Step 2


    Populate the mesh with coordinates
    for(int i = 0; i < Height; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < Width; j++) { Mesh[i][j][0] = j; Mesh[i][j][1] = i; Mesh[i][j][2] = 1; } }

    (Mesh[0][0][0], Mesh[0][0][1],Mesh[0][0][2])

    Mesh Surface: Step 3


    Draw it :-)
    void drawMesh() { for(int i = 0; i < MH-1; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < MW-1; j++) { glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); glVertex3f(Mesh[i][j][0],Mesh[i][j][1],Mesh[i][j][2]); glVertex3f(Mesh[i+1][j][0],Mesh[i+1][j][1],Mesh[i+1][j][2]); glVertex3f(Mesh[i+1][j+1][0],Mesh[i+1][j+1][1],Mesh[i+1][j+1][2]); glVertex3f(Mesh[i][j+1][0],Mesh[i][j+1][1],Mesh[i][j+1][2]); glVertex3f(Mesh[i][j][0],Mesh[i][j][1],Mesh[i][j][2]); glEnd(); } } }

    How it looks like?

    Mesh Surface: Step 4


    Create a height map.

    Modify the value of z. (currently 1)


    Mesh[i][j][2] = cos(j/2.0)*2;

    Example: Table Cloth


    Ingredience:

    1 Mesh 1 Bitmap (preferable the same size as the mesh dimension).

    Mesh[i][j][2] = pow(x,2) + pow(y,2); // for x and y between -1 and 1 Mesh[i][j][2] = (sin(3.14*x)/3.14*x + sin(3.14*y)/3.14*y);

    200x200 mesh

    200x200 bitmap

    Step 1:
    Applying the bitmap to the mesh:
    glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(Normals[i][j].x, Normals[i][j].y, Normals[i][j].z); glTexCoord2f(j/(float)Width,i/(float)Height); glVertex3f(Mesh[i][j][0],Mesh[i][j][1],Mesh[i][j][2]);

    Step 2:
    Shape the table cloth.

    ripple: y = cos(z)

    drape: y = 1 - pow(x, 4) - pow(z, 4)

    Step 3:
    Flatten the top
    if (Mesh[i][j][1] > 0.5) Mesh[i][j][1] = 0.5; else Mesh[i][j][1] = Mesh[i][j][1];

    Step 4:
    Add teapot :-)

    Next Class :-D


    Procedural Texturing Techniques How do we generate Texture?

    Remaining Topics
    Curves and Surfaces Fractals Terrain Particle System Ray Tracing

    Homework:
    [self] try reading BMP les with rgbpixmap.h
    library
    http://www.cs.su.ac.th/~rawitat/classes/graphics/code/rgbpixmap.h

    Homework
    Penny Follow todays handouts (bycurtainsBaillie-de Byl) and create mesh-based and table-cloth into your scene from previous homework.

    create some objects and map the BMP texture onto it.

    Tuesday

    [self] study this:


    http://216.249.163.93/bob.pilgrim/515/openGL_programming_04.html

    Assignment #2 :-(
    Use your imagination. What can you do with your current ability? Modeling a house on a hill, ... We can walk in, and see some nice dining
    table and bed? (and probably replace?) person to 3rd person with a key!

    2-Mode viewing! Change camera from 1st

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