1. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes beginning at an initial state where P1=1 bar, V1 = 1.

5m3 and U1 = 512 kJ. The processes are as follows: (a) Process 1-2: Compression with PV=constant to P2 = 2 bar, U2 = 690 KJ (b) Process 2-3: W2-3 =0, Q2-3= -150 KJ, and (c) Process 3-1: W3-1 = 50 KJ. Neglecting KE and PE changes, determine the heat interaction Q1-2 and Q3-1. 2. (a) Explain the following terms relating to steam formation i. Sensible heat of water ii. Latent heat of steam (b) Find the internal energy of 1 kg of steam at 20 bar when i. It is super-heated, its temperature being 4000C ii. It is wet, its dryness being 0.9. Assume super-heated steam to behave as a perfect gas from the commencement of superheating and thus obeys Charles low. Specific heat for steam = 2.3 KJ/Kg k. 3. A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2 m3/min at 0.11 MPa, 200C which it delivers at 1.5 MPa, 1110C to an after cooler where the air is cooled at constant pressure to 250C. The power required by the compressor is 4.15 KW. Determine the heat transfer in (a) The compressor, and (b) The cooler. Take CP=1.005 KJ/Kg-K and R = 0.287 KJ/Kg-K. 4. (a) Derive an expression for heat transfer in a non-ow constant volume process and isothermal process. b) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics. 5. (a)Write the steady ow energy equation and point out the signicance of various terms involved. (b)Air at 1 bar pressure, 290 K temperature ows steadily at the rate of 120 m3/hr into a compressor where its pressure and temperature are respectively raised to 15 bar and 390 K. During the compression process, the heat transfer from the compressor is 10 percent of work transfer from the machine. Neglecting changes in K.E and P.E. Evaluate work and heat interactions. Take for air CP=1.005 KJ/Kg-K and R = 0.287 KJ/Kg-K. 6. A closed system undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of four separate and distinct processes. The heat and work transferred in each process are as tabulated below. Process Heat Transfer in KJ/min Work transfer in KJ/min 1-2 20,000 0 2-3 -10,000 30,000 3-4 0 20,000 4-1 15,000 -25,000 Show that the data is consistent with the rst law of thermodynamics. Also evaluate the network output in KW and the change in internal energy. 7. (a) Steam initially at a pressure of 10.5 bar 0.96 dry throttled to a pressure of 1bar. Find the nal condition of steam. Also calculate the change of entropy per kg of steam. Assume Cp for super-heated steam =2.1KJ/kg k. (b) Find the entropy of 1 kg of super-heated steam at a pressure of 12 bar and a Temperature of 2500C. Take specic of super-heated steam as 2.1 kJ/ kg k

8. (a) Deduce the relationship between absolute temperature and pressure in an polytropic process. (b) 0. 3m3 of air at pressure 8 bars expands to 1. 5m3. The nal pressure is 1.3bar. Assuming the expansion to be polytropic, calculate the heat supplied and change of internal energy. Take = 1. 9. A turbo compressor delivers 2.33 m3/s of air at 0.276 MPa, 430C which is heated at this pressure to 4300C and finally expanded in a turbine which delivers 1860 KW. During the expansion, there is a heat transfer of 0.09 MJ/sec to the surroundings. Calculate the turbine exhaust temperature if changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligible. Take CP = 1.005 KJ/kg-k and R = 0.287 KJ/Kg-K for air. 10. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following processes: (a) Process 1-2: Constant pressure, P=1.4 bar, V1 = 0.028 m3, W1-2 = 10.5 KJ, (b) Process 2-3 compression with PV = constant, U3= U2, (c) Process 3-1: Constant volume, U1 - U3 = -26.4 KJ. There are no significant changes in KE and PE. (a) Sketch the cycle on a P-V diagram (b) Calculate the net work for the cycle in KJ (c) Calculate the heat transfer for process 1-2 (d) Show that = 11. (a) Explain the influence of pressure on the following properties of steam preferably with the help of T-S diagram. 1. Enthalpy of evaporation 2. Enthalpy of dry saturated steam. (b) 5kg of steam with a dryness fraction of 0.9 expand adiabatically according to the law PV1.13 = C from a pressure of 8 bar to 1.5 bar. Determine 1. Final dryness fraction 2. Heat transferred 3. Work done. 12. (a) Explain about the re-heating and refrigeration of a steam cycle with help of neat diagrams? b) What is a cycle? What is the difference between an ideal and actual cycle. 13. (a) Define thermal efficiency of a heat engine. Can it be 100 percent? (b) A reversible heat engine receives heat from two thermal reservoirs at 870 K and 580 K, and rejects 50 KW of heat to a sink at 290 K. If the engine output is 85 KW, make calculations for the engine efficiency and heat supplied by each reservoir. 14. a) A heat pump is used to maintain an auditorium hall at 230C when the atmospheric temperature is -60C. The heat load is 2300 kJ/min. Calculate the power required to run the actual heat pump if the COP of the actual heat pump is 25% of the Carnot heat pump working between the same temperature limits. b ) In an ideal refrigeration cycle the temperature of the condensing vapour is - 400C and the temperature during evaporation is -150C. Calculate (a) The C.O.P. of the cycle (b) The power required to produce one ton of refrigeration (c) Mass flow rate of the refrigerant for each ton of refrigeration. Consider the working fluids F-12 and ammonia. 15. a) What is a PMM 2? b) State the methods of improving thermal efficiency of steam power plant working on Rankine vapour cycle and describe them with necessary diagrams.

16. (a) Write clausius and Kelvin- Planck statements and their equivalence. (b) It is desired to maintain an auditorium at 27oC through the year. Hence it is planned to use a reversible device which can be used as a refrigerator in summer and as a heat pump in winter. The ambient temperature in summer is expected to reach 42oC and in winter the minimum temperature may touch 5oC .The energy loss through the walls roof and doors is estimated at 50 kj/s. Determine the minimum power required to operate the device in summer and in winter. 17. Two reversible heat engines A and B are arranged in series. Engine A rejects heat directly to engine B. A receives 200 KJ at a temperature of 421oC from the hot source while engine B is in communication with a cold sink at a temperature of 5oC. If the work output of A is twice that of B find (a) Intermediate temperature between A and B and (b) Efficiency of each engine. 18. (a) State the merits & demerits of regenerative cycle and reheat Rankine cycle. (b) Find the C.O.P of a refrigeration system if the work input is 75kJ/kg and refrigeration effect produced id 160kJ/kg